The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Peter Malzacher, GSI

1. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Peter Malzacher, GSI EGEE'09, Barcelona, September 21th, 2009

2. Geography FAIR will be located in Darmstadt, Germany, adjacent to the existing GSI facility GSI is the German heavy ion research centre operated by the Federation and the State of Hesse under the umbrella of Helmholtz. Budget: roughly 70M€ / year Darmstadt lies in the German province called "State of Hesse" and is located near Frankfurt – just 20 minutes from the airport

3. First ideas in the 1990s GSI researchers began discussions together with the outside users Elaboration of design in 2001 GSI had drawn up the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) for the new facility Definition of "The Project" in 2006 2500 authors submit the "FAIR Baseline Technical Report" (FBTR) which defines the project www.gsi.de/fair/reports/btr.html Start of civil construction 2010 First year of operation 2016 Timeline The FAIR project is a true "bottom-up" project developed by thousands of scientists submitted to "Scientific and Technical Issues" (STI) working group

4. Accelerator FAIR will push the intensity frontier orders of magnitude ahead Primary beams • 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 over present intensity • 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons • 1010/s 238U92+ up to 35 GeV/u • up to 90 GeV protons SIS 100/300 SIS FRS CBM HADES Secondary beams ESR • Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in • intensity over present intensities • Antiprotons 0 - 15 GeV Super FRS HESR FLAIR CR Storage and cooler rings RESR NESR • Radioactive beams • e- – A (or Antiproton-A) collider • 1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons • Polarised antiprotons (?) • Key features • Cooled beams • Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets

5. Basic science at FAIR: strongly correlated many-body sytems How did matter in the early universe evolve? ...and why does it look the way it does today? How does the electromagnetic force look like under extreme conditions? How does the strong force work? Where do the masses of e.g. the nucleons come from? Mass in the medium? Where do all the isotopes come from (Fe to U)? ... and what about their abundances in the universe? Exotic atoms, antimatter? FAIR science case FAIR will address fundamental questions concer-ning matter on microscopic and cosmic scales

6. FAIR partners FAIR – will be built by an international collaboration, it costs ~1.2 billion € (75% Germany, 25% partner, partly in kind)

7. Sixth Framework Programme "Construction of New Infrastructure"10.4M€ EC contribution "Design Study"9.0M€ EC contribution "I3 HadronPhysics"10.8M€ FAIR-related EC contribution "EURONS"2.0M€ FAIR-related EC contribution Seventh Framework Programme "FAIR preparatory phase"4.9M€ Support from European Commission (EC) EC has supported R&D and prototyping for FAIR with more than 36M€ R&D and prototyping does not count towards 1,200M€ from "cost book"

8. The FAIR experiments The accelerator will serve several experiments in parallel operation CBM PANDA NUSTAR APPA

9. Heavy ion physics CBM Hadron physics PANDA Nuclear structure and astrophysics (NUSTAR) Super-FRS HISPEC / DESPEC MATS LASPEC R3B ILIMA AIC ICT challenges: Sociology Two HEP like experiments: CBM & PANDA, two research fields with a lot of smaller experiments Atomic physics, plasma physics and applied physics (APPA) • SPARC • FLAIR • HEDgeHOB • WDM • BIOMAT Each collaboration may involve a few dozen or a few hundred scientists. Some experiment set-ups are small, others will cost ca. one hundred million euros. • ELISe • EXL

10. ICT challenges: new read-out scheme Triggerless detector read-out: 1TB/s into an event filter farm with ~60k cores, 1GB/s to archive • The current paradigm for ICT-based data analysis in high-energy physics relies on trigger systems • Trigger systems use simple criteria to rapidly decide which "interesting" events in a particle detector to transport to further data processing and archiving stages. Trigger systems were necessary due to real-world limitations in data transport and processing bandwidth. • At FAIR a novel triggerless detector read-out will be implemented without conventional first-level hardware triggers, relying exclusively on event filters • This new approach allows to address more complicated physics signatures which require complex algorithms, like a full track reconstruction, or information from many detectors systems for evaluation → more flexibility, more discovery potential • The first layer of the system constitutes the first-level event selector (FLES). The FLES implements a combination of specialized processing elements such as GPUs, CELL or FPGAs in combination with COTS computers, connected by an efficient high-speed network. After the FLES the data stream fans out into an archival system and into the next distributed processing layers, which can be off-site

11. ICT challenges: software framework Geant3 ROOT G3VMC Geant4 G4VMC Geometry Virtual MC FlukaVMC FLUKA Root files Hits, Digits, Tracks Cuts, processes Application IO Manager Track propagation Run Manager RTDataBase Event Display Root files Conf, Par, Geo Event Generator Magnetic Field Detector base Tasks STS Hit Producers Hit Producers STT Dipole Map Dipole Map Pluto DPM TOF TOF Solenoid Map Active Map ECAL EMC Oracle Conf, Par, Geo const. field digitizers digitizers Urqmd EVT TRD MUO const. field MVD MVD Track finding Track finding ASCII ASCII ZDC TPC MUCH DIRC CBM Code Panda Code RICH DCH The FairRoot framework is used by CBM, PANDA and parts of NUSTAR Close contact common developments Always in close contact

12. ICT challenges: Data storage and access We plan a combined tier0/1 centre for FAIR located at GSI and the university of Frankfurt direct coupling between Uni Frankfurt and GSI ~100Gb/s; new CC Frankfurt new CC GSI ~ 30 km Data archive in the same order as LHC

13. Remote accesstodataandcomputing via theGrid: example PANDA GridwithAliEn