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Caustics (Corrosives) Poisoning: Types, Circumstances, and Mechanism of Action

Dr. Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly explains the definition, types, circumstances, toxic dose, and mechanism of action of caustics (corrosives) poisoning, including acid and alkalis exposure. Learn more about this topic from a renowned expert in forensic medicine and clinical toxicology.

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Caustics (Corrosives) Poisoning: Types, Circumstances, and Mechanism of Action

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  1. Household products poisoning د/ عبد المنعم جودة مدبولى دكتوراة الطب الشرعى و السموم الأكلينيكية, مدرس الطب الشرعى و السموم الأكلينيكية, استشاري علاج التسمم بمستشفى بنها الجامعى Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  2. Caustics (corrosives) poisoning Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  3. Definition: • A substance having a pH less than or equal to 3(caustic acid) or greater than or equal to 11(caustic alkali). • Induces immediatedestructive effect on tissues come in contact with it. Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  4. Types: Acids (PH<7): Inorganic:H2SO4. ماء النار. Organic acids: carbolic الفنيك, acetic الخل, oxalic ملح الليمون Alkalis (PH>7): Na Hypochlorite الكلوركس K Carbonate البوتاسا الكاويه Salts: Heavy metals, cyanide salts. Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  5. Circumstances: Caustic exposures are more frequent in children, from household products. Adults may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to household or industrial products. Although children comprise majority of caustic ingestions, adults comprise 81%of patients requiring treatment. Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  6. Toxic dose: • There is no specific toxic dose. • The extent of injury is determined by: • Duration of contact. • Volume. • pH. • Concentration of the caustic, which is more important than pH, as zinc chloride and phenol are capable of producing severe burns even though they have near physiologic pH. Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  7. Mechanism of action (Pathophysiology): 1- Local actions: Immediate destructive injury. • Alkalis, penetratetissue surfaces producing liquefactive necrosis. • Acid, desiccateepithelial cells, producing an eschar, resulting in coagulation necrosis. 2- Systemic actions: • Some types may produce systemic toxicity, after their absorption (organic acids, salts of heavy metals…). Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

  8. Dr Abdel Moniem Goda Madbouly

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