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Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling Linkages

Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling Linkages. 3 rd GEOS-Chem Users’ Meeting April 12, 2007 Elsie Sunderland U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research & Development National Center for Environmental Research sunderland.elsie@epa.gov. LAND. ATMOSPHERE. OCEAN. Primary Anthropogenic

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Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling Linkages

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  1. Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling Linkages 3rd GEOS-Chem Users’ Meeting April 12, 2007 Elsie Sunderland U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research & Development National Center for Environmental Research sunderland.elsie@epa.gov

  2. LAND ATMOSPHERE OCEAN Primary Anthropogenic Emissions Hg(0) Net Evasion Hg(II) Hg(p) recycling & terr. emission Net reduction MeHg methylation demethylation

  3. Conceptual Model for Each Basin MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION EVASION RIVERS RESERVOIR Mw = CwVw LATERAL OCEAN FLOW PARTICLE SETTLING DEEP WATER FORMATION UPWELLING

  4. Temporal Trends in Ocean Hg with GEOS-Chem Forecasted Deposition Source: Sunderland & Mason, 2007

  5. Temporal Lag in Ocean Hg Enrichment Source: Sunderland & Mason, 2007

  6. Estimated Fraction of Annual Hg Inputs Atlantic 35S-55N North Pacific >30N Med. Sea 30-35N Pacific & Indian 40S-30N Source: Sunderland & Mason, 2007

  7. Recap: GEOS-Chem Surface Ocean Model All units Mmol atmosphere 14.1/yr 22.8/yr surface mixed layer HgT = 1.53 pM reduction sorption 15.5 16.6 1.9 avg mixed depth = 53 m upwelling upwelling upwelling entrainment entrainment entrainment particle sinking diffusion diffusion diffusion 0.5 pM 0.5 pM 0.06 pM thermocline HgT = 1.06 pM Source: Strode et al., 2007

  8. Model Improvements 1. Lateral Ocean Flow Source: Anderson, 2003

  9. 2. Temporal Lag between Ocean Hg & Atmospheric Hg Source: IPCC/WMO/UNEP

  10. 3. Riverine Discharges of Hg *compare: anthropogenic emissions ~ 12 Mmol/yr Q (1012 L/yr) River Hg Discharge (Mmol/yr) Antarctic >65S Med. 30-35N N. Pacific >30N Atlantic 65S-35S Atlantic 35S-55N N. Atlantic >55N Pacific & Indian 40S-30N Source: Dai & Trenberth, 2002; Sunderland & Mason, 2007

  11. 4. Methylmercury (MeHg) Speciation North Pacific Ocean 23-55N Source: D. Krabbenhoft, USGS, unpublished data

  12. Next Steps • Historical anthropogenic emissions on a continental scale to estimate temporal responses of oceans • Coupled pre-industrial deep ocean & GEOS-Chem models • Expand surface “slab” model of ocean to include deep ocean waters • Account for methylmercury speciation? • Explore effects of climate change? Now Later

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