LAN and WAN Design: Putting It All Together

1. LAN and WAN Design:Putting It All Together Chapter 11

2. Learning Objectives Discuss general LAN and WAN design issues that include using structured wiring and structured networking Describe and implement LAN design principles Explain and implement WAN design principles

3. General LAN and WAN Design Issues Factors that affect design Analyzing existing topology and resources Network management Cable installation and replacement Structured wiring Vertical wiring and structured networking Full-duplex communications Bridge, router, and hub design issues

4. Factors That Affect a LAN or WAN Design Anticipated network traffic Redundancy requirements User movement Accommodating for future growth Security considerations WAN connectivity LAN and WAN costs

5. Designing for Redundancy

6. Analyzing Existing Topology and Resources Inspect cable plant Compile bandwidth utilization baseline data Audit resources Review traffic Perform network capacity management

7. Network Management Directly related to network design and topology; some topologies are easier to manage than others

8. Cable Installation and Replacement

9. Limitations of Thinnet/Thicknet Cable Plants Cannot meet high bandwidth requirements Expensive to maintain and troubleshoot Difficult to expand

10. Cable Replacement Factors Replacement of legacy cable Cable and connector costs Installation costs Environmental requirements Extra cable requirements Creation or redesign of wiring closet locations

11. Guidelines for Installing Cable Use structured wiring and structured networking principles Meet or exceed maximum bandwidth required Install Category 5 or better UTP cable horizontally to desktop Install multimode fiber-optic riser cable between floors Follow IEEE specs for cable run distances Single-mode fiber-optic cable for long runs

12. Guidelines for Installing Cable Install 802.11 wireless options where appropriate Install star-based cable plants Install only high-quality cable Follow all building codes Do not exceed 25 pounds of force when pulling twisted-pair cable Follow rules for cable bend radius

13. Guidelines for Installing Cable Leave extra cable at endpoints Use a qualified contractor, if desired Adhere to IEEE specs for cable and installation Label cable following EIA/TIA-606 standard Ground cable plants

14. Structured Wiring Cable fans out in horizontal star fashion from centralized chassis switch(es) or hub(s) located in telecommunications rooms or wiring closets

15. Structured Wiring Requirements Flexible cabling, eg, twisted-pair Wiring nodes into physical star Adherence to EIA/TIA-568-A / EIA/TIA-568-B standards for horizontal wiring Centralized cable plant in chassis hubs or switches Built-in intelligence for chassis hubs or switches

16. Structured Wiring Requirements Ability to isolate hosts/servers on own cable segment Ability to provide high-speed links to network devices

17. Vertical Wiring Cabling and network equipment used between floors Physically links telecommunications room(s) on one floor to adjoining floors Ties horizontal cable on each floor into logical backbone

18. Principles of Vertical Wiring Deploy extended star topology between devices Use high-speed cable to reduce congestion and because it is not susceptible to EMI and RFI Follow EIA/TIA-568-A / EIA/TIA-568-B standards for vertical or backbone cabling Use riser rated cable for cable runs through cable ports or vertical shafts Install fire-stop material

19. Structured Networking Use of solid horizontal and vertical wiring design that enables centralizing a network at strategic points

21. Administrative Capabilities of Structured Networks Centralize or distribute network management Incorporate vertical and horizontal network design using high-speed communications on the backbone (fat pipes) Reconfigure network physically and logically

22. Administrative Capabilities of Structured Networks Segment network according to workgroup patterns, using VLANs Add redundancy Quickly expand network and introduce new high-speed network options Proactively monitor and diagnose problems for quick resolution

23. Using Full-Duplex Communications Ability to send and receive simultaneously Use in areas of network with high-speed links Eliminates collisions Increases network throughput and reduces number of lost frames Most switches employ one of two types of flow control Jamming Buffering

24. Bridge, Router, and Hub Design Issues Bridges and routers Design flexibility High-speed networking options Redundancy Hubs Centralize network management and troubleshooting Reproduce network traffic on all segments

25. Advantages of RFIs and RFPs Help organizations clearly define needs Provide vendors with understanding of the organization Enable vendors to show how they would address those needs Provide basis for contract negotiation Supply guidelines for installation process

26. LAN Design Principles Replace legacy hubs with switches Replace older switches that do not offer SNMP compatibility with newer ones that have it Connect high-speed workstations to switches Connect servers to high-speed switched ports Connect integrated or workgroup area switches to high-speed switches Connect major department segments or high-speed switches to routers

27. Walking Through a Design

31. Locating Hosts and Servers In centralized host or server farms Saves money High traffic In different locations throughout the network Reduces network traffic Provides security Flexibility if disaster destroys one location Can have redundant hosts at different locations

32. Connecting Hosts and Servers

33. Building in Redundancy

34. Interspersed Hosts and Servers

35. Designing for Multimedia Applications Often include increased bandwidth Often include implementation of Internet Group Management Protocol

37. Wireless LAN Network Designs Peer-to-peer Multiple-cell

38. Peer-to-Peer Design

40. Maintenance andSupport Issues Constant process To reduce maintenance, develop schemes to replace aging devices before they become a maintenance problem

41. WAN Design Principles Devices required at local site to accomplish WAN connectivity Routers Access servers Modems Specialized adapters Multiplexers Wireless, microwave, and satellite devices ATM WAN access switches

42. Configuring LAN Topology for WAN Connectivity

43. WAN Connectivity Using a Router

44. Wireless MANs and WANs Wireless MAN options Wireless bridge Proprietary infrared design Proprietary radio wave options Terrestrial microwave Wireless WAN options Geosynchronous satellites LEO satellites

45. WAN Provider Topologies Established by WAN service provider Selection depends on: Bandwidth required Budget Speed and type of interfaces on the LAN

46. Price Structure Ranges from unlimited usage to limited usage billed per minute Cost-related elements Monthly service charges LAN connectivity equipment User training and support Network staff training Network support and troubleshooting Lost work time when a connection is down Periodic equipment upgrade costs

47. Bandwidth Considerations Choice of service provider depends on: Amount of bandwidth needed Service level agreement (SLA) offered by provider

48. Vendor and Customer Equipment Equipment varies according to size of vendor Equipment should be at more than one location

49. Chapter Summary General LAN design principles Accommodating for growth and security Implementing the cable plant Using structured wiring and structured networking techniques Using full-duplex communications Designing around switches and routers Creating requests for information and requests for proposals

50. Chapter Summary Specific LAN design principles Where to locate hosts and servers How to design for multimedia applications Wireless LAN designs and maintenance and support issues

51. Chapter Summary WAN design principles Wireless MAN and WAN designs WAN provider topologies Price structure Bandwidth Equipment issues