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Subject: History Class: Prep II Topic: The coming of Pakistan (The Cabinet Mission Plan)

Subject: History Class: Prep II Topic: The coming of Pakistan (The Cabinet Mission Plan) Presentation by: Maimoona Haider. Simla Conference (1945) Organised by Viceroy Lord Wavell Why? To bring Congress and Muslim League together Result: A failure No agreement could be found.

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Subject: History Class: Prep II Topic: The coming of Pakistan (The Cabinet Mission Plan)

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  1. Subject: History Class: Prep II Topic: The coming of Pakistan (The Cabinet Mission Plan) Presentation by: Maimoona Haider

  2. Simla Conference (1945) • Organised by Viceroy Lord Wavell Why? • To bring Congress and Muslim League together Result: • A failure • No agreement could be found.

  3. Change of govt. in Britain: Good sign for India • Labour Party took power in Britain. • Believed India more trouble than it worth. • Wanted to focus on reconstruction of Britain after WW2. • Independence was near for Indians.

  4. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 • Brought by three British ministers. • Every senior Indian politician attended meetings with them.

  5. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  6. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  7. It gave the idea of a UNITED INDIA under single government. • It further suggested that united India should be divided into three groups of provinces. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  8. Group A: Hindu – majority provinces (Bombay, Madras, the United Provinces, Bihar, Orissa and the Central Provinces) Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  9. 2. Group B:Muslim – majority provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and NWFP) 3.Group C: Hindu – majority Assam and Muslim – majority Bengal Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  10. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  11. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  12. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 • Accepted by Congress • First accepted, laterrejectedby the Muslim League

  13. Rejected by Muslim League. WHY? Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 The plan was fraught with danger for Muslims. It needed spirit of cooperation that was lacked by Congress.

  14. Rejected by Muslim League. WHY? 3. With their majority, Hindus could wreck (destroy) the plan. 4. Muslims believed that their interests (benefits) were sacrificed by the British. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946

  15. August 16th 1946 was the Day of Direct Actioncalled by Jinnah after rejecting the Cabinet Mission Plan. • Peaceful demonstrations were followed in most places. Great Calcutta Killing (Aug. 1946)

  16. What happened in Calcutta? • In Calcutta things got out of hand. • Muslim-Hindu violence killed about 4000 people in first three days. • 10,000 seriously injured. • Property burnt. • 100s of 1000s people left homeless. • More Muslims were affected. Great Calcutta Killing (Aug. 1946)

  17. What happened in Calcutta? Great Calcutta Killing (Aug. 1946)

  18. What happened in Calcutta? Great Calcutta Killing (Aug. 1946)

  19. What happened next? • In September 1946 • Violence spread into civil war across India (Bombay, Gujarat, Rawalpindi and Lahore) • Later in rural areas. • Mobs carried out raids, looting, burning and murdering. Great Calcutta Killing (cont.)

  20. British govt. announced independence for subcontinent by June 1948. • One month after the announcement, Lord Mountbatten came as the Viceroy of India. Feb. 1947, Announcement byBritish Prime Minister Atlee

  21. Arrived with his wife Lady Edwina. The last Viceroy Mountbatten

  22. Withdraw from India by June 1948 with as little difficulty as possible to themselves (British). • Cause as few problems as possible for the subcontinent and its inhabitants. Viceroy MountbattenTargets to achieve

  23. Keep up trade links with the subcontinent. • Ensure that an independent subcontinent was part of the British Commonwealth. • Leave the subcontinent united, preferably using the proposals of the Cabinet Mission Plan Mountbatten:Targets (cont.)

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