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Class-IX

Class-IX. Class IX - English. Grammar. Active And Passive Voice. The queen was eating a jam sandwich. The queen was eating a jam sandwich . Can you tell me what is the subject in this sentence?. The queen was eating a jam sandwich. The queen is the subject of this sentence .

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Class-IX

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  1. Class-IX Class IX - English

  2. Grammar

  3. Active And Passive Voice

  4. The queen was eating a jam sandwich.

  5. The queen was eating a jam sandwich. • Can you tell me what is the subject in this sentence?

  6. The queen was eating a jam sandwich. • The queen is the subject of this sentence.

  7. The queen was eating a jam sandwich. • What is the verb in this sentence?

  8. The queen was eating a jam sandwich. • The verb in this sentence is written in red.

  9. Active • When the subject of the sentence is doing something the verb is active. • E.g. The man wore a grey hat. • Subject – man verb – wore object – hat

  10. This is an active sentence. The subject-the queen is actively tucking into her jam sandwich! • But we could change the sentence around.

  11. The jam sandwich was being eaten by the queen.

  12. The jam sandwich was being eaten by the queen.Which is the subject in this sentence?

  13. The jam sandwich was being eaten by the queen. • The jam sandwich is the subject of this sentence.

  14. The jam sandwich was being eaten by the queen. • What is the verb in this sentence?

  15. The jam sandwichwas being eatenby the queen. • The verb is written in red in this sentence.

  16. Passive • When the object of the sentence is having something done to it, the verb is passive. • The grey hat was worn by the man. • Object – hat verb – worn subject – man

  17. The jam sandwich was being eaten by the queen. • This is a passive sentence. The subject-the jam sandwich- is ‘passively’ having something done to it. It is being eaten!

  18. Perhaps this seems complicated! • But I bet you hear passive sentences all the time!

  19. “This ruler got broken, Miss.”

  20. Active or Passive? • Which is this? • The girl fed the horse. • It is an active verb.

  21. Active or Passive? • Which is this? • The pencil was held by the caterpillar. • It is passive verb.

  22. Is this sentence active or passive? • Mark was eating an apple.

  23. Mark was eating an apple. • That’s right! This sentence is active. Mark is actively eating the apple.

  24. The picture was painted by Tom. • Is this sentence active or passive?

  25. Well done! This sentence is passive. • The subject of the sentence is the picture. The picture is having something done to it.

  26. Now it is your turn! • See if you can work out which sentences are active and which passive.

  27. DEGREES OF COMPARISON The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to showhow big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence/expression.

  28. Kinds of Degrees of comparison Degrees of comparison Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree

  29. POSITIVE DEGREE • One noun – person, thing or place – and one quality… above average tall – adjective • John is a man.

  30. Positive degree (continued) • Eifel tower is a tall man-made structure. One noun with one quality – ‘tall’ adjective in positive form

  31. COMPARATIVE DEGREE • Two persons, things or places are being compared with one adjective or adverb to show that one has more quality or quantity of the adjective or adverb than the other. • The adjective or adverb takes ‘r’ or ‘er’ to its positive form, and is said to be in comparative form. • The conjunction ‘than’ is used to connect the two clauses.

  32. Comparative Degree: example • A horse can run faster than a dog.

  33. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE • Comparing one noun – person, thing or place – with several others of its kind to show that this particular noun has the highest degree of the quality or quantity of the adjective or adverb being used to compare. • The adjective or adverb takes the ‘superlative form’, ending with ‘st’ or ‘est’, with the definite article ‘the’ before it. • The preposition ‘of’ is used when the comparison is among items, and ‘in’ is used to specify the place, position or area.

  34. Superlative Degree:example 1 • The elephant is thelargest of all land animals. • The giraffe is thetallestof all animals.

  35. Articles

  36. Articles Indefinite article a an or • The indefinite article means ONE. • It can only be used with singular countable nouns

  37. Concept One of the same class My brother is lawyer a Patricia is descendent of Irish family a an

  38. Concept When something or someone is mentioned for the first time I bought radio today a

  39. Concept Phrases showing frequency a There is a boat once day at 8 o’clock

  40. Articles Definite article the The definite article refers to countable or uncountable, singular and plural nouns. It refers to something specific.

  41. Concept Thing or person was mentioned before This is Marion. She is daughter of a friend of mine. the

  42. Concept Thing or person is unique the Don’t look at sun. You’ll hurt your eyes

  43. Concept Thing or person is clearly specified the Meet me at statue on the corner of Park Road and Elm Avenue

  44. Concept The context makes it clear We’ve got a new fountain in garden the

  45. Concept The person or thing is defined by the words that follow My family have been here since turn of century the the

  46. Remember We also use definite articles with... Superlatives This is the highest mountain in world the Ordinal numbers I live on second floor the Decades I was born in 80’s the Centuries Millions left Ireland in 19th century the

  47. Articles Zero article 0 General references

  48. Concept When we’re referring to things in general, we don’t need an article Holidays are so relaxing! Butter is very fattening

  49. Concept We also use NO article with However... Most places names A group of states I went to Cape Town in Africa in 2007 The United States Months and years A group of countries Nicholas was born in December 2007 The United Kingdom

  50. The or Zero? The life of an immigrant is often very hard. life in the 21st century is changing fast. children grow up faster nowadays. children in my street are very noise. love makes the world goes round. love he had for his country was huge. ________ Life ________ The Children ________ ________ The ________ ________ Love

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