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Democratic Reform and Activism

Democratic Reform and Activism. Chapter 26 Section 1. Key Terms. Queen Victoria Suffrage Chartist movement Third Republic Dreyfuss affair Anti-Semitism Zionism. Reform Act of 1832. Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods

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Democratic Reform and Activism

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  1. Democratic Reform and Activism Chapter 26 Section 1

  2. Key Terms • Queen Victoria • Suffrage • Chartist movement • Third Republic • Dreyfuss affair • Anti-Semitism • Zionism

  3. Reform Act of 1832 • Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods • 1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament • Some industrial cities had no representation

  4. Reform Act of 1832 • Britain wealthy male property owners could vote • Catholics and Jews could hold political office • House of Commons not paid so only wealthy served

  5. Reform Act of 1832 • British liberals were challenging the old order • People demanded greater political participation • Reform Act of 1832 gave representation in Parliament

  6. Reform Act of 1832 • Gave the vote to the middle class • Increased eligible voters by 50% • Reduced power of the aristocracy • Only men with a certain amount of property could vote • Prevented many working class from voting

  7. Sadler and the Factory Act • Investigate treatment of children in factories • Harmful conditions • Mistreatment • Long hours • Low wages • Passed the Factory Act of 1833 • Teenagers could not work more than 12 hours • Children 9-13 had to receive two hours of school

  8. Other Reforms • 1833 Parliament abolished slavery • Government would compensate slave owners • Passed public health and crime laws to improve living conditions

  9. Chartism • 1839 Chartists demanded • voting rights for all men • Secret ballot • Annual elections • Pay representatives in parliament • Secret ballot prevented intimidation during voting

  10. Chartism • Parliament rejected their ideas • Turned down the People’s Charter • By the end of the 1800’s many of their reforms had been passed

  11. Victorian Era • 1837 Queen Victoria • Reign lasted to 1901 longest in British history • Became more democratic during her reign • Government was run primarily by Prime Minister and the Cabinet

  12. Disraeli and Gladstone • Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister, member of Conservative party • Slow to accept reforms • Wanted to preserve the past • Gladstone was a liberal • More progressive to solving society’s problems

  13. Voting Rights for Men • Disraeli put forth a new reform bill • 1867 one out of every three men could vote • Another bill created the secret ballot • 1885 Gladstone pushed a reform bill that extended voting rights even further

  14. Women’s Suffrage • Suffrage- the right to vote • Women’s rights were raised during the Enlightenment • 1800’s women not equals • Could not own property • Not considered legal guardians of their children

  15. Women’s Suffrage • Queen Victoria against women’s right to vote • “Mad, wicked folly.” • 1886 Disraeli argued for women’s right to vote • Said if a women could be queen or own land they should be able to vote

  16. Women’s Suffrage • Millicent Garrett Fawcett • -lobbied members of Parliament • Signed petitions • Educated the public • Emmeline Pankhurst • Founded Women’s Social and Political Union • “You have to make more noise than everyone else”

  17. Women’s Suffrage • 1918 Parliament grants the right to vote • Women over the age of 30 • 1928 women have the same voting rights as men

  18. France and Democracy • The Third Republic lasted for 60 years • France averaged one government per year • Dozen political parties lobbied for power • 1875 National Assembly votes to set up the republic

  19. The Dreyfus Affair • Controversial court case • 1894 Alfred Dreyfus French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany • Knew he was not guilty • Held a military ceremony to humiliate him

  20. The Dreyfus Affair • Crowd chanted “kill him” • Evidence suggests another officer was guilty • Second officer was not Jewish • Dreyfus cleared in 1906

  21. Dreyfus Affair • Divided people in France • Emile Zola-French writer came to his defense • “J’accuse” letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism • Led French courts to reopen the case • Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns

  22. Dreyfus Affair • Important affect on Jewish nationalism • Theodor Herzl-Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story • Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France • Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe

  23. Dreyfus Affair • 1896 published The Jewish State • Outlined plan for an independent Jewish country • Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland • 1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland

  24. Rise of Zionism • Russians organized pogroms of violence against the Jews • 1880’s Jews fled Eastern Europe • Many headed for the United States • Jews wanted a homeland in Palestine

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