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DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting. Maryam Ahmed Khan February 14, 2001. Objectives. What is DNA Fingerprinting? How is DNA Fingerprinting done? What are the applications of DNA Fingerprinting? Technical and legal issues. Further reading. Contents. Definitions Methods Technical issues

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DNA Fingerprinting

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  1. DNA Fingerprinting Maryam Ahmed Khan February 14, 2001

  2. Objectives • What is DNA Fingerprinting? • How is DNA Fingerprinting done? • What are the applications of DNA Fingerprinting? • Technical and legal issues. • Further reading

  3. Contents • Definitions • Methods • Technical issues • Further developments

  4. Media Coverage

  5. 1. DNA Fingerprinting • The characterization of one or more features of an individual genome by developing a DNA fragment band (allele) pattern. If a sufficient number of different size bands are analysed the resultant bar code will be unique for each individual except identical twins. • The term DNA fingerprinting was introduced by Alec Jeffreys in 1985, to describe the barcode-like DNA fragment pattern generated by probes after electrophoretic separation of genomic fragments.

  6. Definitions Polymorphism: One of two or more alternate forms (alleles) of a chromosomal locus that differ in nucleotide sequence or have variable numbers of repeated nucleotide units. Polymerase chain reaction: a process which yields enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro. Primer: starting molecule that binds to single-stranded DNA or RNA and facilitates synthesis of a complementary strand. Satellite DNA: repetitive DNA with both repeat size and repeat copy number per locus above 1000. Southern blot: transfer of membrane of DNA molecules separated by gel electrophoresis. Molecular hybridization: formation of a DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA duplex in vitro.

  7. Abbreviations RFLP: Restriction Fragment length polymorphism VNTR: Variable number of tandem repeats PCR: Polymerase chain reaction AMP-FLP: Amplified fragment length polymorphism STR: Short tandem repeats

  8. HUMAN GENOME GENOME

  9. 2. How is DNA Fingerprinting done? • Extraction of DNA • Restriction enzyme digestion • Gel electrophoresis • RFLP or PCR • Hybridization and autoradiography • Interpretation of data • Population genetics and frequency estimates

  10. P r o c e s s i n g o f D N A

  11. S o u t h e r n b l o t

  12. Allele-specific oligonucleotide dot blot analysis

  13. A Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

  14. A Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Polymorphism

  15. Gene Chip Probe Arrays

  16. DNA profiling in kinship analysis

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