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The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution. 1540-1670. Scientific Thought pre-1600. Revolved around Aristotle Astronomy Physics and Motion Referred to Galen for medical explanations Relied on the Catholic Church. Causes of the Scientific Revolution.

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The Scientific Revolution

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  1. The Scientific Revolution 1540-1670

  2. Scientific Thought pre-1600 • Revolved around Aristotle • Astronomy • Physics and Motion • Referred to Galen for medical explanations • Relied on the Catholic Church

  3. Causes of the Scientific Revolution

  4. Read “Early Modern Europe: Motives for the Scientific Revolution” and answer questions • 1. What groups of society hoped to benefit from the Scientific Revolution? • 2. Why was there this sudden interest to know and understand?

  5. Figures of the Scientific Revolution

  6. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) • Polish clergyman • Studied Ptolemy • Suggested that the sun, rather than the earth is the center of the universe • Works published posthumously • Implications and Impact of his work

  7. Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) • Danish nobleman • Received grants from the government to build conservatories • All planets revolve around the sun and that the group of sun and planets revolve around the earth’s system

  8. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) • Brahe’s assistant • Law 1: Orbits are elliptical rather than circular (1609) • Law 2: Planets do not move in uniform speed around the sun (1609) • Law 3: There is a force that pulls everything toward earth • Used mathematics to prove the relations of the system

  9. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) • Works with alchemy • Law of Universal Gravitation

  10. Galileo Documents • “Letter to Christina of Tuscany” • Author • Date: • What topics should be left to science? Religion? • Why are they views crucial to the Scientific Revolution? • “The Papal Inquisition of 1633” • Author: • Date: • Why were Galileo’s views threatening to the Catholic Church? • What are some long-range consequences of such a stance by the Church towards these views?

  11. Rene Descartes and Rembrandt as Scientific Revolution sources

  12. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) • The Discourse on Method • 1. SOAPS analysis • S • O • A • P • S • 2. How do his methods on attaining knowledge differ from traditional ways? • 3. What are the weaknesses of his approach?

  13. Francis Bacon Documents • “Attack on Authority and Advocacy of Experimental Science” • Developed empirical reasoning/method • Leads to the development of the Scientific Method

  14. “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp” ~ 1632 • Rembrandt van Rijn • Symbols and Meaning

  15. Backlash from the Catholic Church and Responses • Why the ideas were so feared • If the universe is expanding, where is the room for God? • No reliance on faith or miracles • Turned against traditional viewpoints and beliefs • Threat of losing members • Actions of the Catholic Church • House arrest of scientists (i.e. Galileo) • Refusal to teach new theories at universities • Scientific Response • Scripture is vague – need an explanation • Can use religion to explain those things in nature that cannot be explained • We can use the knowledge that God gave us to develop and grow

  16. Big Picture Questions • What were the main ways in which the science of the seventeenth century broke with the science of previous centuries? • What were some of the main problems facing seventeenth century scientists? How did they handle these problems? • What factors were present in seventeenth century society that made these new discoveries possible? • What were the effects of the Scientific Revolution?

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