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Grammar Writing Lecture 7

Grammar Writing Lecture 7. 11-721 Grammars and Lexicons. Teruko Mitamura teruko@cs.cmu.edu www.cs.cmu.edu/~teruko. Schedule: November 28. Q/A on Grammar Writing Project Q/A sessions by TA Equations Finish Japanese Grammar exercise (jpn.gra) Start a new grammar.

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Grammar Writing Lecture 7

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  1. Grammar WritingLecture 7 11-721 Grammars and Lexicons Teruko Mitamura teruko@cs.cmu.edu www.cs.cmu.edu/~teruko LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  2. Schedule: November 28 • Q/A on Grammar Writing Project • Q/A sessions by TA • Equations • Finish Japanese Grammar exercise (jpn.gra) • Start a new grammar LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  3. *UNDEFINED* and *DEFINED* • The word *UNDEFINED* and *DEFINED* can be used on the right hand side of an equation. • *UNDEFINED* makes sure that the left hand side of the equation has no value. • *DEFINED* makes sure that the left hand side of the equation has a value. ((x1 negation) = *UNDEFINED*) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  4. Assigning Multiple Values • Multiple values can be assigned to a feature. • Use the grater-than sign (>) in place of the equal sign. • If the following rule applies recursively, the pp-adjunct function will have several different values at the same time: (<S> <==> (<S> <PP>) ((x0 = x1) ((x0 pp-adjunct) > x2))) ; This rule should come last. • Multiple rule is sensitive to rule ordering LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  5. Grammar Exercise (Japanese Grammar) • Free word-order language • SOV language • Case markers determine grammatical relations (ga, wo, ni, de, etc) • Grammar file: jpn.gra • Test files: jpn-test1.lisp /afs/cs/project/cmt-55/lti/Lab/Modules/GNL-721/2007/ LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  6. Japanese Lexicon nichiyoubi (Sunday) nyuuyooku (New York) hoomuran (home run) itta (went) utta (hit-past) Hideki, Ichiro (person’s name) ga (NOM case) wo (ACC case) ni (Time-on) ni (Loc-to) e (Loc-to) de (Loc-at) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  7. Japanese Examples Nichiyoubi ni Hideki ga Nyuuyook e itta. Sunday on Hideki NOM New York to go PAST “Hideki went to New York on Sunday.” Nichiyoubi niNyuuyooku eHideki ga itta. Hideki ganichiyoubi niNyuuyooku e itta. Hideki gaNyuuyooku enichiyoubi ni itta. Nyuuyooku eHideki ganichiyoubi ni itta. Nyuuyooku enichiyoubi niHideki ga itta. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  8. Japanese Examples (2) Hideki gaNyuuyooku e itta Nyuuyooku eHideki ga itta Nichiyoubi niNyuuyooku e itta Nyuuyooku enichiyoubi ni itta Hideki ganichiyoubi ni itta Nichiyoubi niHideki ga itta Hideki ga itta Nyuuyooku e itta Nichiyoubi ni itta LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  9. Japanese Example Nichiyoubi ni Ichiro ga hoomuran wo utta. Sunday on Ichiro NOM home run ACC hit-PAST “Ichiro hit a home run on Sunday.” LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  10. Ungrammatical Sentences • You can’t have two nominatives or accusatives in a sentence. (jpn-test1.lisp) *Hideki ga nichiyoubi ga itta *Hideki ga Hideki ga itta *Hideki ga hoomuran ga utta *Hideki wo hoomuran wo utta LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  11. Japanese Grammar • Use of recursive rules (<S> < == > (<NP> <S>) (<S> < == > (<V>) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  12. Recursive Rules S NP S NP S N P N P V Hideki gaNyuuyooku e itta LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  13. Japanese Grammar (2) • “ni” is ambiguous in Japanese Time-on, Loc-to Nichiyoubi ni itta (went on Sunday) Nyuuyooku ni itta (went to New York) • “ni” and “e” can be used for Loc-to Nyuuyooku ni/e itta (went to New York) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  14. Japanese grammar exercise • Grammar file: /afs/cs/project/cmt-55/lti/Lab/Modules/GNL721/2007/jpn.gra • Test file: jpn-test1.lisp LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  15. Japanese Grammar (2) • “ni” is ambiguous in Japanese Time-on, Loc-to Nichiyoubi ni itta (went on Sunday) Nyuuyooku ni itta (went to New York) • “ni” and “e” can be used for Loc-to Nyuuyooku ni/e itta (went to New York) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  16. Japanese Grammar (3) • “de” is Loc-in/Loc-at with action verbs Nyuuyooku de tabeta (ate in New York) CMU de tabeta (ate at CMU) Nyuuyooku de hoomuran wo utta (hit hoomuran in New York) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  17. Ungrammatical Sentences (2) “itta (went)” doesn’t take Loc-at/in “de” *Nyuuyooku de itta (*went in/at New York) “tabeta (ate)” doesn’t take Loc-to “ni/e” *Nyuuyooku ni/e tabeta (*ate to New York) Time expression doesn’t take Loc-at, Loc-to *Nichiyoubi de/e itta (*went at/to Sunday) *Nichiyoubi de/e utta (*hit at/to Sunday) *Nichiyoubi de/e tabeta (*ate at/to Sunday) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  18. Ungrammatical Sentences (3) • Wrong case marker (jpn-test2.lisp) Nyuuyooku ni/e itta (Loc-to) *Nyuuyooku de itta (Loc-at) Nyuuyooku de tabeta (Loc-at) *Nyuuyooku ni/e tabeta (Loc-to) Nichiyoubi ni itta/tabeta (Time-on) *Nichiyoubi de itta/tabeta (Loc-at) *Nichiyoubi e itta/tabeta (Loc-to) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  19. Japanese grammar exercise • Grammar file: /afs/cs/project/cmt-55/lti/Lab/Modules/GNL721/2007/jpn.gra • Test file: jpn-test2.lisp • Work on test2 and test-fail2 • Run test1 to see if it is still working LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  20. Questions? LTI Grammars and Lexicons

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