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The Ankle and Foot Joints

The Ankle and Foot Joints. Anatomy and Kinesiology 420:024. The Ankle and Foot Joints. Must support entire body weight Over 100 ligaments Propulsion of entire body weight (F=ma) Very complex 26 bones ~25 joints 31 muscles 12 extrinsic muscles 19 intrinsic muscles. Objectives.

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The Ankle and Foot Joints

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  1. The Ankle and Foot Joints Anatomy and Kinesiology 420:024

  2. The Ankle and Foot Joints • Must support entire body weight • Over 100 ligaments • Propulsion of entire body weight (F=ma) • Very complex • 26 bones • ~25 joints • 31 muscles • 12 extrinsic muscles • 19 intrinsic muscles

  3. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  4. Bones • 29 bones, including tibia and fibula • Calcaneus and talus • Tarsals (5) • Metatarsals (5) • Numbered 1-5 • Phalanges (14) • Three for each toe • Two for the big toe • Big toes have sesamoid bones in metatarsophalangeal joint tendons

  5. Talocrural joint (ankle) Uniaxial hinge Subtalar joint Gliding/nonaxial Transverse tarsal joints Gliding/nonaxial Intertarsal joints Gliding/nonaxial Tarsometatarsal joints Gliding/nonaxial Metatarsophalangeal joints Biaxial ball and socket Proximal interphalangeal joints Little toes – Uniaxial hinge Distal interphalangeal joints Little toes – Uniaxial hinge Interphalangeal joint Big toe – Uniaxial hinge Ankle and Foot Joints

  6. Talocrural joint Plantar/dorsiflexion Sagittal, ML axis Subtalar joint Eversion/inversion Frontal plane AP axis

  7. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  8. Ankle and Foot Muscles • Extrinsic muscles (12) • Multiarticular (6) • Knee/ankle (2) • Ankle/toe (4) • Uniarticular (6) • Ankle (6) • Intrinsic muscles (19)

  9. Extrinsic Ankle and Foot (12) • Knee and Ankle (2) • Knee flexion, plantarflexion • Ankle and Toe (4) • Plantarflexion, toe flexion, inversion (2) • Little toes • Big toe • Dorsiflexion, toe extension (2) • Little toes, eversion • Big toe, inversion • Ankle (6) • Plantarflexion (4) • 2 invertors • 3 evertors • Dorsiflexion (2) • 1 invertor • 1 evertor

  10. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  11. Plantarflexion (posterior compartment) Dorsiflexion (anterior compartment) Eversion (lateral compartment) Inversion (posterior and anterior compartment) Toe flexion (posterior compartment) Toe extension (anterior compartment) Abduction (intrinsic) Adduction (intrinsic) Movements

  12. Ankle Plantar Flexion • Agonists • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • Flexor digitorum longus • Flexor hallucis longus • Peroneus (fibularis) longus • Peroneus (fibularis) brevis • Plantaris • Tibialis posterior

  13. Ankle Dorsiflexion • Agonists • Tibialis anterior • Extensor digitorum longus • Peroneus (fibularis) tertius • Extensor hallucis longus

  14. Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Inversion • Agonists • Tibialis anterior • Tibialis posterior • Flexor digitorum longus • Flexor hallucis longus

  15. Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Eversion • Agonists • Peroneus (fibularis) longus • Peroneus (fibularis) brevis • Peroneus (fibularis) tertius • Extensor digitorum longus

  16. Toe Flexion • Agonists • Flexor hallucis longus • Flexor digitorum longus

  17. Toe Extension • Agonists • Extensor hallucis longus • Extensor digitorum longus

  18. Intrinsic Muscles (19)

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