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  1. Welcome! We’ll be starting the Live Broadcast shortly. During The Live Broadcast The presenter’s voice will be broadcast through your computer’s speakers, so please make sure your computer’s volume is on. The presentation will last about 15 minutes, and the rest of the time will be reserved for your questions. To ask questions, please type them at any time in the Chat box on the left of this screen. After the Live Broadcast We will post the slides and the recording of this presentation on our blog and will email you the link to it. We will be happy to field any of your further questions at 1-888-603-1788 or support@lexercise.com.

  2. English Morphology • How Meaning Takes Shape

  3. definingmorphology

  4. defining morphology • “the study of word formation, or how morphemes combine to form words” (Soifer) • “morphology is to words what syntax is to sentences . . . the internal structure of words” (Parker & Riley) • “the spelling-meaning connection” (Templeton)

  5. definingmorphemes

  6. definingmorphemes • “the smallest meaningful units in language” (Moats) • “more or less constant meaning associated with more or less constant form” (Parkey & Riley) • “a unit of grammar smaller than the word” (Matthews) • “an indivisible unit of meaning” (Ebbers)

  7. definingmorphemes morph eme eme ‘minimal distinctive unit’ ‘form, shape’ morph graph phone lex ‘not able to be further reduced without losing or changing its meaning’ ‘not divisible into smaller morphemes’

  8. orthographicmorphology

  9. Orthography orthographic morphology representing sense and meaning • is a term that refers to • a conventional writing system • specific to only one language • by which those who know and speakthe language represent its sense and meaning to themselves human thought made visible as text

  10. Orthography orthographic morphology representing sense and meaning morphology structure and sequencing of meaning etymology interrelation of sense and meaning phonology units of speech that construct meaning The other concepts, especially phonology, cannot be properly understood independently of morphological structure and framework. Orthographic phonology is subject to morphological boundaries. human thought made visible as text

  11. Orthography orthographic morphology the organizing, delimiting and defining concept morphology structure and sequencing of meaning • No grapheme or other orthographic unit can cross or straddle a morphemic boundary. • Morphological analysis is essential to all orthographic investigation.

  12. writtenmorphemes

  13. written morphemes • A written morpheme is called an orthographic element • An element is a basic or indivisible unit, a primary, unanalyzable constituent.

  14. written morphemes Every word has a base element. elements base affix

  15. written morphemes Affixes are always bound. elements base affix free bound prefix suffix lexical grammatical derivational inflectional nouns verbs adjectives adverbs pronouns aux.verbs prepositions conjunctions articles <ness> <ment> <ion> <ful> <ly><ic> . . . <s> <ing> <ed> <(e)n> <er> <est>

  16. written morphemes • synthetic word sums → <spellcheck> <spell> + <check> <mis> + <spell> + <ing> → <misspelling> <un> + <check> + <ed> → <unchecked>

  17. written morphemes • analytic word sums →<mis> + <hap> <mishap> <unhappy> → <un> + <hap> + <y> <haphazard> → <hap> + <hazard>

  18. written morphemes • investigating word structure →<art> + <ist> <artist> → <art> + <ful> + <ly> <artfully> <artifact> → <art> + <i> + <fact>

  19. written morphemes elements base affix free bound prefix connector suffix lexical grammatical inflectional derivational A connector is a vowel letter that can connect a base or suffix to another base or suffix.

  20. written morphemes connector actual special linear evacuate equinox sacrifice dictatorial phonology geometry A connector is a vowel letter that can connect a base or suffix to another base or suffix.

  21. Occam’sRazor “Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily.”

  22. Occam’s Razor

  23. Occam’s Razor the lexical word matrix suffixes prefixes more bases base element connector vowel root:the historical origin of a word or morpheme

  24. meaning taking shape

  25. English Morphology • How Meaning Takes Shape

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