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Circulation in the atmosphere

Explore how fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere move based on Newton's Law, air pressure differentials, Coriolis force, and geostrophic motion. Learn about the global convection patterns, pressure systems, and heat transport dynamics affecting climate.

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Circulation in the atmosphere

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  1. Circulation in the Atmosphere Circulation in the atmosphere

  2. Newton’s Law What regulates the motion of fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere?

  3. troposphere surface Higher Latitudes Equator/Tropics What drives the circulation of the atmosphere? Heating by the sun  AIR PRESSURE

  4. Vertical view of air pressure (global convection) High Pressure Low Pressure Low Pressure

  5. Horizontal view of air pressure at ocean surface High Pressure + Higher Latitudes Surfaces of constant pressure y (latitude) x (longitude) _ Equator/Tropics Low Pressure

  6. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  7. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation

  8. Hurricane IVAN H H L H H

  9. t3 t4 t2 t5 t1 Fpressure FCoriolis Rate of Rotation North Hemisphere Low Pressure B A High Pressure

  10. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  11. t3 t4 t2 t5 t1 Fpressure FCoriolis Rate of Rotation North Hemisphere A B High Pressure Low Pressure

  12. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  13. Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Fpressure Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis When this balance is reached the movement of the particles (and therefore of the flow) is called geostrophic motion

  14. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  15. Some practical rules to remember: Fpressure Low Pressure High Pressure FCoriolis • Particle will have the Coriolis force 90 degrees to the right • Particles will tend to move along line of constant pressure • Particles will have the high pressure on their right (same as Coriolis)

  16. Hurricane IVAN H H L Fpressure H H FCoriolis

  17. Vortices L H Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Low Pressure System High Pressure System

  18. Vertical view of the atmosphere Pole Equator

  19. Polar High L L Subpolar Low H H H Subtropical High L Eq. Low L L H H H L L

  20. Vertical view of the atmosphere and Poleward Transport of Heat Pole Equator

  21. Midlatitude Cyclones

  22. Poleward Heat Transport

  23. The seasonal cycle

  24. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles

  25. Next time we will see how the ocean responds to the atmospheric wind and how it contributes to the heat transport

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