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Class Notes 18.3a (NB 47). Write a COMPLETE sentence to answer each question. 1. How did Ulysses S. Grant become president? 2. What was the intent of the Fifteenth Amendment? 3. What problem did the Fifteenth Amendment pose for suffragists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
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Class Notes 18.3a (NB 47) Write a COMPLETE sentence to answer each question. 1. How did Ulysses S. Grant become president? 2. What was the intent of the Fifteenth Amendment? 3. What problem did the Fifteenth Amendment pose for suffragists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton? 4. What did the passage of the anti-Klan bill accomplish? 5. What problem was caused by Grant’s poor choice of advisers? 6. What banking problem led to the Panic of 1873, and what problems resulted from the panic? Skip three blank lines between each question!
Lesson 18.3a: Reconstruction under Grant Today we will analyze steps taken by Grant to help African Americans during Reconstruction.
Vocabulary • intent – what was intended; goal • electoral votes – votes cast by states’ representatives in presidential elections • suffragist – someone who believed women should have the right to vote • servitude – slavery; condition of forced labor • corrupt – dishonest; open to being bribed
Check for Understanding • What are going to do today? • What did a women’s suffragist work to accomplish? • What is servitude? • What is the intent of every sports team when the game begins? • What is a corrupt politician?
What We Already Know After his impeachment, Johnson would never be the Republican Party’s choice for president in 1868.
What We Already Know Violence by the Ku Klux Klan and other racist Southern terrorist groups was not being addressed by state and local governments, who were sympathetic to their goal of keeping African Americans from enjoying their full civil rights.
What We Already Know A period of great economic growth, such as that enjoyed in the two decades after the War of 1812, is often followed by a severe financial depression called a panic.
The Election of Grant • Republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant won the presidency in 1868 with 214 electoral votes. • Although his Democratic opponent received only 80, the popular count was much closer.
The Election of Grant • Grant’s slim majority of only 306,000 votes highlighted freed-men’s role in the Republican victory. • Despite attacks by the Ku Klux Klan, about 500,000 African Americans voted in the South, and most voted for Grant.
The Fifteenth Amendment • As a result, Radical Republicans worried that Southern states might try to keep African Americans from voting in future elections. • To prevent this, Radical leaders proposed the Fifteenth Amendment.
The Fifteenth Amendment • This amendment stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” • The amendment became law in 1870, and gave voting rights to African American men in the North as well as the South.
The Fifteenth Amendment • Because the Fifteenth Amendment did not apply to women, many white women were angry. • Why couldn’t they vote when black men—former slaves—could? • Suffragist Elizabeth Cady Stanton protested the idea of uneducated immigrants and freedmen “who never read the Declaration of Independence” making laws for educated white women.
The Fifteenth Amendment • Most African-American women were not as angry. • To them, it was important for African Americans to gain voting rights, even if that meant only men at first.
66. In 1868, who became the first Civil War general to be elected U.S. president? • Rutherford B. Hayes • William T. Sherman • Ulysses S. Grant • Grover Cleveland
67. What did the Fifteenth Amendment declare? • Slavery was no longer lawful in the United States. • All persons born in the United States were citizens and were entitled to equal civil rights. • Racial segregation in public services was banned and that African Americans could serve on juries. • The right to vote should not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Grant Fights the Klan • During President Grant’s first year in office, Ku Klux Klan violence continued. • As a result, Grant asked Congress to pass a tough law against the Klan.
Grant Fights the Klan Under the new anti-Klan bill, federal marshals arrested thousands of Klansmen.
Grant Fights the Klan Klan violence against African Americans declined, and the 1872 presidential election was both fair and peaceful in the South.
Grant Fights the Klan Grant won the election and served a second term.
68. What was the result of Grant’s anti-Klan bill? • Federal marshals arrested thousands of Klansmen. • Klan violence against African Americans increased dramatically. • As a result, the 1872 presidential election was both fair and peaceful in the South. • Membership in the Klan grew dramatically. • Grant won the election and served a second term. Choose all that are true!
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans Soon, however, support for the Republicans and Reconstruction weakened as a series of scandals hurt the administration and caused divisions in the Republican Party.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans President Grant had appointed his former army friends and his wife’s relatives to many government positions, and several were soon found to be corrupt.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans • Bribery and other scandals deeply outraged many Republicans. • In 1872, some Republican officials broke away and formed the new Liberal Republican Party. • Those who remained loyal to the party no matter what were known as Stalwart Republicans.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans The Republicans, no longer unified, became less willing to impose tough Reconstruction policies on the South.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans • In 1873, several powerful Eastern banks ran out of money after making bad loans, and soon a financial panic swept the country. • In the Panic of 1873, banks across the land closed and the stock market temporarily collapsed. • The panic caused an economic depression, a time of low business activity and high unemployment.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans • The railroad industry, which relied on banks for loans, saw 89 of the country’s 364 railroads go broke within a year. • Railroad failures left Midwestern farmers with no way to move their crops, and many farmers were ruined.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans The depression lasted about five years and by 1875, more than 18,000 companies had folded and hundreds of workers had lost their jobs.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans As the party in power, the Republicans were blamed for the crisis, and as a result, Democrats won victories in the 1874 congressional and state elections.
Scandal and Panic Weaken Republicans In the middle of the depression, Americans grew tired of hearing about the South’s problems as the nation began to lose interest in Reconstruction.
69. What effect did scandals in the Grant administration have on the Republican Party? • They lost the presidential elections of 1872 and 1876. • They were forced into the Compromise of 1877. • They were split into the Liberal Republicans and the Stalwart Republicans. • They finally regained the White House in 1877.
70. What was the Panic of 1873, and how did it hurt the Republican Party? • It began when several powerful Eastern banks failed. • The stock market temporarily collapsed, railroads failed, and many farmers were ruined. • Many Americans blamed the Southern Democrats for the crisis. • During the Panic, the nation lost interest in Reconstruction. • The Panic caused the Ku Klux Klan to grow even greater in numbers and power. Choose all that are true!
