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Hi-tech Textile

Hi-tech Textile. TE-402. Books. Handbook of Technical Textiles Edited by A R Horrocks and S C Anand Technical Textiles by William C Smith Specifying Technical Textiles by Manchester (GB) Textile Institute. TECHNICAL TEXTILES.

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Hi-tech Textile

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  1. Hi-tech Textile TE-402

  2. Books Handbook of Technical Textiles Edited by A R Horrocks and S C Anand Technical Textiles by William C Smith Specifying Technical Textiles by Manchester (GB) Textile Institute Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  3. TECHNICAL TEXTILES • For the purposes of the DRA study, technical textiles are defined as comprising all “Those textile-based products which are used principally for their performance or functional characteristics rather than for their aesthetics, or are used for non-consumer (i.e. industrial) applications.” Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  4. What are Technical Textiles? Conventional Textiles Technical Textiles Manufactured primarily for performance or function rather than aesthetics May be both woven and non woven, and is made out of primarily synthetic and some natural fibers • Manufactured primarily for aesthetic or decorative purpose • Fiber (natural or synthetic) is usually first Spun into Yarn and then Yarn is Woven / Knit into Fabric Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  5. Hi-tech/Technical/Industrial Textiles Agrotech: agriculture, horticulture, forestry and fishing Buildtech: building and construction Clothtech: functional components of shoes and clothing Geotech: geotextiles and civil engineering Hometech: products used in the home; components of furniture and floorcoverings Indutech: filtration and other products used in industry Medtech: hygiene and medical Mobiltech: transportation construction, equipment and furnishing Oekotech: environmental protection Packtech: packaging and storage Protech: personal and property protection Sporttech: sports and leisure technical components Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  6. End-use wise segments of Technical Textile Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  7. World end-use consumption of technical textiles in 2000 by Application Area (volume terms) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  8. Forecast World Technical Textiles Consumption, 1995-2010, Volume (000 tons) Compiled by: DewanMurshed Ahmed (DMA)

  9. End-use consumption of technical textiles by region and application area, 2000, (000 tons) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  10. World end-use consumption of technical textiles by broad fibre type, 1995-2010 (000 tons) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  11. World end-use consumption of technical textiles by broad fibre form, 1995-2010 (000 tons) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  12. World end-use consumption of technical textiles by broad final product type, 1995-2010 (000 tons) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  13. World end-use consumption of technical textiles, 1995-2010, in volume and value terms Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  14. Regional Market Size in Volume Terms by 2010 Source: DRA Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  15. Regional Market Size in Value Terms by 2010 Source: DRA Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  16. Consumption-wise Forecast Source: DRA Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  17. Technical Textiles Fibre Type Consumption Forecast 2010 Source: DRA Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  18. Technical Textiles Fibre Form Consumption Forecast 2010 Source: DRA Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  19. Technical Textiles End-product Form Consumption Forecast 2010 Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA) Source: DRA

  20. What is Bangladesh doing?... • Creating awareness about technical textiles and nonwoven among the entrepreneurs • Developing human resource • Courses on technical textiles • Doing capacity building of the nonwoven and technical textile industry base and the related machinery industry base Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  21. What should be done? • Set-up of an expert committee on technical textiles to formulate a comprehensive strategy for growth and development of technical textiles. • Arrangement of a series of awareness seminars about different areas of technical textile and non-woven industry. • Immediate launch of government-sponsored Graduate programs in selected universities focusing on technical textiles and non-wovens to cater for the human resource requirement. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  22. What should be done? • Short listing of a couple of dozen high-priority product groups among a total of 150 technical textile product groups to focus on. • Preparation of project profiles/pre-feasibility studies to facilitate the entrepreneurial activity in the technical textile projects. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  23. What should be done? • Establishment of centers of excellences, each centre focusing on separate product groups to provide technical support to manufactures of technical textiles. The centers of excellence will have the following facilities: • Resource centers hosting technical literature, reference materials, books, bank of samples of technical textile products, pre-feasibility studies and information about manufacturing processes, standards and testing procedures etc. • Facilities for development of prototype technical textile products • ISO 17025 accredited facilities for testing and evaluation of technical textiles • Facilities for training in areas of technical textile production Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  24. What should be done? • Setting-up of a technical textiles steering committee to coordinate, monitor and review the growth of the technical textile industry and also the activities of the centers of excellence. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  25. Challenges for Bangladesh • Limited synthetic fibre availability for technical textiles • Lack of know-how and skilled workforce • No R n D facilities • Non-availability of production & market database • Lack of encouragement to entrepreneurs for going into technical textiles like import duty, interest rates etc. • Lack of investment by the industry • Low importance given to the long term benefits and life cycle cost of the products vis-à-vis traditional products Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  26. 1. Agrotech Agriculture has been amongst the most primal occupations of the humankind and is still a major industry, globally. In this era of modernization and high technological advancements, it has spread its horizons and started using man-made, non-conventional textiles, called “technical textiles”.Tapping the potential of technical textiles and putting their vital properties to an advantage; agriculture, horticulture, forestry and fishing segments (all the four sectors combined together are popularly called as “Agrotech” sector) are increasingly using them for equipment development and other applications. This textile sector comprises of all textiles that are used in growing, harvesting, protection and storage of either crops or animals. It includes diverse items such as fishing nets and fish-lines, ropes, shade fabrics, mulch mats, woven and non-woven covers for crops, bird protection nests, etc. These textiles are driving the sector profitably by improving the productivity and reducing the need for chemicals. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  27. 1. Agrotech Textiles used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, farming and fishing Functions Preventing erosion and paving way for forestation In greenhouse cover and fishing nets For Layer separation in fields In Nets for plants, rootless plants & protecting grassy areas As sun screens (since they have adjustable screening)and wind shields As packing material and in bags for storing grass (that has been mowed) Anti-birds nets For the phases of enlargement of the larva Materials for ground and plant water management at the time of scarcity and abundance of water. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  28. 1. Agrotech Sunscreens, bird protection nets, plant nets, harvesting nets, root ball nets and packing material for agriculture products. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  29. 2. Buildtech Applications Civil engineering and building industry are an integral part of the development of human society as they involve the planning, design, building, operation and maintenance of infrastructure. The venturing of technical textiles or high-performance textiles in this sector has given a great impetus to the quality of construction. These textiles are used in the construction of buildings, dams, bridges, tunnels and roads and collectively comprise the “Buildtech” sector. They offer mechanical properties such as lightness, strength and resilience as well as resistance to many factors such as creep, degradation by chemicals and pollutants in the air or rain and other construction material as well as the effects of sunlight and acid. These textiles play an important role in the modernization of infrastructure. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  30. 2. Buildtech Applications • Concrete reinforcement • Interior construction, partitions • Insulations • Roofing materials • Awnings • Canopies • Billboards • Complete textile structures • Wind turbines Functional Properties • Strength • Resilience • Resistance to degradation by chemicals and pollutants in the air Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  31. 3. Clothtech Touching our lives in almost all the spheres, technical textiles have also made their foray in the clothing and shoe industry. Aimed at fashion designers, developers as well as shoe and clothing manufacturers, this category of smart textiles is clubbed under the head “CLOTHTECH”Broadly defined, CLOTHTECH includes technical components of clothing (such as breathable membranes), shoe reinforcement & construction as well as rainwear. They are recognized for some of their important properties like high resistance to temperature, pressure and other extreme conditions, high absorbency, durability and water proof nature. From industries like sports, defense and aviation to chemical and fire fighting, they are making their presence almost across all segments as they are extensively used for making special purpose clothes and footwear. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  32. 3. Clothtech A look at some of the application areas: In shoe components like shoe laces For insulation and structures like interlinings (woven as well as non woven, waddings etc) Sewing products like sewing threads, labels, fasteners (zips, Velcro) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  33. 4. Geotech Applications • Construction of bridges, dams, roads, railways and paths as well as embankments and sub-sea coastal engineering projects. Functions • Support, drainage and separation at or below ground level. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  34. 5. Hometech • Seen as a mightily expanding and changing sector in the global textile industry, the presence of technical textiles is not merely confined to industrial applications and is becoming a ubiquitous phenomenon in our day to day activities as well. The new promise of technical textiles is generation of products (by combining the latest developments in advanced flexible materials with advances in process technologies) that eventually have a direct impact upon all sorts of consumer textile markets, including both clothing and furnishings. These are called “HOMETECH”. One of the largest technical textile markets, this sector comprises household textiles, furnishings (used in contract applications) and upholstered furniture industry (including fiberfill and wadding applications in bedding, cushions, sleeping bags and furniture backings). Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  35. 5. Hometech Applications • Woven & knit wipes (cleaning wipes for domestic applications) • Nonwoven wipes (floor mops) • Tickings (for filled products like pillows, duvets, cushions) • Mattress components (Flanging and quilt backing, spring wrap) • Spring insulators Flat fabrics ( used to cover springs in beds or upholstery) • Platform cloth (fabrics used as a base for cushions on upholstered furniture) • Dust cloths Fabrics attached to base of furniture • Skirt linings and other fabrics for use in upholstered furniture, bedding etc • Carpet backings (used as primary as well as secondary backing for tufted carpets) Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  36. 5. Hometech Applications Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  37. 6. Indutech • Providing an impetus to the progressive industrial and technological front, technical textiles are proving their forte in yet another field. The smart characteristics of technical textiles make them an ideal resource for use in various industrial applications.INDUTECH is the name given to textiles that are used for diverse industrial applications like filtration, conveying, cleaning etc. This arena of technical textiles contains solutions and products for mechanical engineering and for varieties of industries, e.g. conductive textiles and 3-D textile products.Widely used in woven, non-woven and knitted form, INDUTECH are increasingly being used in almost all the major industries, like paper, carbon, metal, ceramic, glass fiber, plastic etc, across the globe. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  38. 6. Indutech Applications • Dry and Wet filtration applications • Polishing cloths • Needle punched felt • Open-weave fabric • Drive belts Conveyor belts (for paper making and food processing) • Loop and eye fastenings • Basic fabrics for coating • Edging tape for coated fabrics • Coated / laminated fabrics • Fusing threads and rods • Fabrics of fire-retardant yarns • Heat resistant yarns / fibers • Coated and extruded yarns • Yarns for composites • High tenacity yarns Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  39. 7. Medtech • Due to astounding technological developments, techincal textiles are extensively used in the healthcare industry today. In the field of medical application, technical textiles are not just used in contact with the skin, but also fulfill important functions within the body (intra-corporal applications like implants). Technical textiles offer medical and hygiene industry with unparalleled protection, comfort and cost saving.These highly specialized and bio- compatible technical textiles, used for medical and hygiene applications are called “MEDTECH.” The characteristics required of MEDTECH vary depending on the task for which they are to be used. Some applications demand a protective function, others a high absorptive capacity and some other others impermeability. Special antimicrobial finishes are an important characteristic of these textiles Depending on the nature of application, most of the medical products are disposable in nature and are made of nonwoven fabrics. In global markets disposables are fast replacing non-disposable health care textiles. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  40. 7. Medtech Some areas of usage are: • Healthcare/ hygiene products- Include bedding, clothing, surgical clothes, products for feminine hygiene like sanitary napkins, baby and adult diapers ,surgical gown clothes, filters, bandages, support and protective material, surgical sutures etc. • Non-implantable materials- For wound care that includes absorbent pad (wound contact layer, base material viscose, plastic film) and bandages (simple inelastic/elastic, orthopaedic, plasters, gauzes, lint, padding) • Textiles in Extracorporeal devices- Like artificial kidney, liver and lungs. • Implantable materials- Like sutures (biodegradable and non-biodegradable), soft tissue implants, artificial tendon (meshes), artificial ligament, artificial cartilage, orthopedic implants artificial joint, cardiovascular implants vascular grafts, heart valves. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  41. 7. Medtech • Absorbents, Bandages: Plaster of Paris Bandage, orthopedics bandage, crepe Bandage, etc. Protective eye pads, Adhesive tapes, Wipes, Surgical gowns, Artificial kidney, Artificial liver, Artificial heart, Mechanical lung Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  42. Medical Textiles • Definition: A general term which describes a textile structure which has been designed and produced for use in any of a variety of medical applications, including implantable applications. • An important and growing part of the textile industry is medical, hygene and health sector. The extent of growth is due to the development and improvement of knowledge in both textile as well as medical sector.   • The engineering approach to develop textile products that will be suitable for medical and surgical application should possess a combination of the following properties • e.g. strength, flexibility, and sometimes moisture and air permeability. • Materials include natural fibre, monofilament as well as multifilament yarns. • The number of application is huge and diverse, ranging from a single thread suture to the complex composite structures for bone replacement, and from the simple cleaning wipe to advanced barrier fabrics used in operation rooms. Thus the textiles used in medical and surgical purposes can be classified as follows;  • Nonplantable materials-Wound dressing, bandages, plasters etc. • Extracorporeal devices- artificial kidney, liver, and lung • Implantable materials-suture, vascular grafts, artificial ligaments, artificial joints, etc. • Healthcare/hygine products-bedding, clothing, surgical gowns, cloths, wipes etc. • The majority of the healthcare products are disposable while some are reused. The medical product based on textiles is around $ 76 billion in the year 2000. Compiled by: DewanMurshed Ahmed (DMA)

  43. Medical Textiles • Fibres used • Fibres used in medical application may be classified as follows; 1. According to source of origin • Natural- Cotton and silk most widely used • Synthetic- Viscose, polyester, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene, carbon, glass, and so on.  2. According to biological resistance • Biodegradable- Fibres which are absorbed by the body within 2-3 months time after implantation and include Cotton, Viscose rayon, polyamide, polyurathene, collagen, and alginate, polycaprolactone, polypropiolactone. • Non biodegradable-Fibres that are absorbed by the body slowly and take more than six months time to degrade are considered as non biodegradable. Non-biodegradable fibres and include polyester (e.g. Dacron), polypropylene,PTFE and carbon. Fibre used in medical textiles must fullfill the following criterion  • the fibres must be nontoxic • must be non-allergenic • must be non-carcinogenic • must be able to be sterilised without imparing any change in their physical or chemical characteristics. • where necessary biodegradable • where necessary non biodegradable Compiled by: DewanMurshed Ahmed (DMA)

  44. Medical Textiles Fibre used: • Traditionally cotton, silk and viscose have long been used for medical and surgical purposes. One such area of application is wound care, where moisture and liquid exude from the wound is absorbed by the fibrous structure to promote healing in relatively dry conditions.   • However upon healing small fibrous elements protruding from the wound dressing are usually trapped in the pores of the newly formed tissues which make their removal distressing to the patients. • Research show that wound under moist condition would in fact heal better and faster, which would also remove the problem of fibres being trapped in the healing wound. • The concept of moist healing has since been responsible for the development of many fibres which have vastly improved wound management techniques and patient care. • A variety of polymers such as collagen, alginate, chitin, chitosan have been used to be essential materials for modern wound dressings. • Collagen which has been obtained from bovine skin is used to produce biodegradable fibres used as suture which is as strong as silk. • The fibre can also be converted to transparent gel like film structure used as contact lens which has very good oxygen permeability. • Alginate (obtained from sea weeds) and chitin (obtained from shrimp shells) are widely used for treatment of wound healing. Chitin nonwoven fabric is used as artificial skin. Compiled by: DewanMurshed Ahmed (DMA)

  45. Non-implantable materials Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  46. A. Nonplantable materials • These materials are used for external application on the body and may or may not make contact with skin. • The following table illustrates a range of materials used as non-implantable madical textiles. • (i) Wound care products– The purpose of these products are to provide protection against infection, absorb blood and exudates, promote healing and in some instances apply medication into the wound. • Common wound dressings are composite materials consisting of an absorbent layer held between a wound contact layer and a flexible base material. • The absorbent pad absorbs blood or liquids and provides cushioning effect to protect the wound. • The wound contact layer should prevent adherence of the dressing to the wound and be easily removed without disturbing new tissue growth. The base materials are normally coated with acrylic adhesive to provide the means by which the dressing is applied to the wound. • The use of collagen, alginate, and chitin fibres contribute significantly to the healing process. • When alginate fiber is used as wound contact layer the interaction between the alginate and the exuding wound creates a sodium alginate gel which is hydrophilic and permeable to oxygen and impermeable to the bacteria and contribute to the formation pf new tissue. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  47. A. Nonplantable materials (ii) Gauze- It is an open weave absorbent fabric, when coated with paraffin wax is used for the treatment of burns and scalds. In surgical application gauze serves as an absorbent material.  (iii) Lint- It is a plain weave cotton fabric that is used as protective dressing for first aid and mild burn application. (iv) Wadding-It is a highly absorbent material that is covered with a nonwoven fabric to prevent wound adhesion or fibre loss. (v) Bandages- Bandages are designed to perform a whole variety of specific functions depending upon the final medical requirements. They can be -woven, -knitted, -or nonwoven and are -either elastic or nonelastic. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  48. A. Nonplantable materials the most common application of bandages is to hold the dressing in place over wound. These are light weight knitted or woven fabrics made of cotton or viscose –scoured, bleached and sterilized. Elasticized yarns are incorporated to the structure to impart support and conforming characteristics.   Knitted bandages are produced either in weft knitting machine to produce tubular fabric of varying diameter or in warp knitting machine.   • Woven light support fabrics are used in the management of sprains or strains and the elasticated properties are obtained by weaving crepe yarns having a very high twist. • Similar properties can also be obtained by weaving fabric from two warp beam one in low tension and the other in high tension. • Compression bandages are used for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis, leg ulceration, and varicose veins and are designed to exert a required amount of compression on leg when applied at a constant tension. • Compression bandages are classified by the amount of compression they can exert at the ankle and include extra –high, high, moderate and light compression can be either woven and contain cotton and elastomeric yarns or warp and weft knitted in both tubular or fully fashioned forms. • Orthopaedic cushion bandages are used under plaster casts and compression bandages to provide padding and prevent discomfort. • Nonwoven orthopedic cushion bandages are produced from polyurathene foam, polyester, or ploypropylenefibres and contain blends of natural or synthetic fibres. • Non woven bandages are lightly needle punched to maintain bulk and loft. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  49. B. Extracorporeal devices- • These are mechanical organs that are used for blood purification and include the artificial kidney (dialyser), the artificial liver, mechanical lung. The function and performances of these devices benefit from fibre and textile. • The function of artificial kidney is achieved by circulating the blood through a membrane, which may be either a flat sheet or a bundle of hollow regenerated cellulose fibres in the form of cellophane that retain the unwanted waste materials.   • Multilayred filters composed of numerous layers of needle punched fabrics with varying densities may also be used and are designed to remove the waste materials rapidly and efficiently. • The artificial liver utilizes hollow fibres or membranes similar to those used in artificial kidney to perform high permeability to gases but low permeability to liquids and function in the same manner as in the natural lung allowing oxygen to come into contact with the patient’s blood. Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

  50. B. Extracorporeal devices- Compiled by: Dewan Murshed Ahmed (DMA)

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