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Plants

Plants. The producers, Many are firmly rooted to the bottom of the sea…. STRUCTURE. Four types of algae Unicellular Colonial Filamentous Multicellular or macrophytic. Phylum Chlorophyta – Green Algae. Algae a.k.a. seaweed Kingdoms Protista & Chromalveolata. Algal Taxonomy.

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Plants

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  1. Plants The producers, Many are firmly rooted to the bottom of the sea….

  2. STRUCTURE Four types of algae Unicellular Colonial Filamentous Multicellular or macrophytic

  3. Phylum Chlorophyta – Green Algae

  4. Algae a.k.a. seaweed Kingdoms Protista & Chromalveolata

  5. Algal Taxonomy Eukaryotic Algae single celled or multi-cellular, possess nuclear membrane, aquatic photoautotrophs, classified on chlorophyll, color, cell wall composition, food storage Chlorophyta(green algae) Phaeophyta (brown algae) Rhodophyta (red algae)

  6. Is algae in the kingdom Plantae? A CLASSIFICATION DEBATE RAGES MACROPHYTE ALGAE LARGE PLANTS, WHETHER AQUATIC OR MARINE… Are red and brown algae still classified as protists?

  7. Unicellular algae

  8. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF ALGAE

  9. Chlorophylls a, b, c, d, e. • Each molecule functions at • specific wavelengths of light. • 2. Carotenes: • carotene B- found in all three divisions • xanthophylls- 20 different types of pigments and two types: • fucoxanthin- found only in phaeophyta • lutein- common pigment in all large algae • 3. Phycoblins: • phycocyanin- blue pigment • phycorethrin- pink-red pigment found in • rhodophytaand cyanobacteria

  10. Phylum Chlorophyta – Green Algae

  11. Phylum Chlorophyta –Green Algae • Pigments: • Chlorophylls a and b, • ß-carotene and various xanthophylls • Walls of cellulose • Food reserves: • true starch, fats and oils • Eukaryotic algae: • membrane-bound organelles • Flagella: • 2 or 4

  12. Phylum Chlorophyta –Green AlgaeDistribution and habitats • Common in ponds, ditches etc. • Attached to rocks or free floating • 90% are fresh water species • Often in brackish water • Shallow, nutrient-rich water • Important marine algae in tropics • May be symbiotic, lichens (algae + fungus)

  13. Halimeda opuntia Caulerpa sertularioides Phylum Chlorophyta – Green Algae Codiumedule Caulerparacemosa Dictyosphaeria cavernosa

  14. Chaetomorpha Bryopsi

  15. Chara Volvox colony

  16. Caulerpa

  17. REPRODUCTION MOST REPRODUCE BOTH SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY • Most sexual reproduction is triggered by environmental stress • Asexual Reproduction • Mitosis • Sexual Reproduction • Meiosis • Zoospores • Plus and minus gametes • Zygospore

  18. Water Molds

  19. Kingdom Chromalveolata Division Heterokontophyta: Phylum Phaeophyta – Brown Algae

  20. Phylum Phaeophyta • 1500 species of Brown algae • Mostly marine and include seaweed and kelp • All are multicellular and large (often reaching lengths of 147 feet) • Individual alga may grow to a length of 100m with a holdfast, stipe and blade • Photosynthetic pigments • chlorophyll a &c • carotenoids • xanthophylls (e.g. fucoxanthin)

  21. Padina japonica Turbinaria ornata Phaeophyta: Brown Algae Hydroclathrus clathratus Sargassumpolyphyllum Sargassum echinocarpum

  22. Algal macrophyte structure

  23. BrownAlgae Macrocystis -- Kelp

  24. Macrocystis -- Kelp

  25. Brown algae Egregia Postelsi Laminaria

  26. Phylum Rhodophyta Photosynthetic Pigments chlorophyll a carotenoids phycobilins Mostly multicellular, marine forms. Abundant in warm, tropical coastal waters. Not all are red in color

  27. Kingdom Protista Phylum Rhodophyta • 4000 species of RED Algae • Most are marine • Smaller than brown algae and are often found at a depth of 200 meters. • Contain chlorophyll a and C as well as phycobilins which are important in absorbing light that can penetrate deep into the water • Have cells coated in carageenan which is used in cosmetics, gelatin capsules and some cheeses

  28. Phylum RhodophytaCalcareous algae

  29. Hypneachordacea Ahnfeltiaconcinna Acanthophoraspicifera Galaxaurafastigiata Phylum Rhodophyta Asparagopsistaxiformis

  30. Phylum Rhodophyta – Red Algae

  31. Phylum Rhodophyta – Red Algae Corallin Mazzaella Palmari

  32. Harvesting from the sea

  33. The harvest of seaweed for culinary delights

  34. Food Source in Hawaii 7000 species altogether in world’s oceans 600 different species of algae in Hawaii Limu were important to early Hawaiians More than 70 different kinds were used Eaten fresh used as spices or medicines used in religious ceremonies in Hawaii

  35. Algal Products Certain alga can be used to make agar or as stabilizer in gelatin and ice cream: Use: sugar, milk, irish moss or euchima, Chondrus, Porphyra and Rhodymenia- blend and boil. • Thickener and help smooth these items: • Many foods and milk-products • Toothpaste • Beauty creams • Paints • Medical products- like bacterial culture plates, time-release pills, and dental impression gels

  36. Phycocolloids Carrageenan from red algae Algin from brown algae

  37. phycocolloids from red and brown algae

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