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Persuasive Tools

Persuasive Tools. EQ: How does A speaker use persuasive tools to sway his or her audience?. Asyndeton consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses . LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own. RIGHT PAGE

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Persuasive Tools

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  1. Persuasive Tools EQ: How does A speaker use persuasive tools to sway his or her audience?

  2. Asyndeton consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "Duty, Honor, Country: Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn." -- General Douglas MacArthur, Thayer Award Acceptance Address

  3. Polysyndeton consists of adding conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list of items, a polysyndeton heaps the next word in the list on top of the previous one. LEFT PAGE • Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "In years gone by, there were in every community men and women who spoke the language of duty and morality and loyalty and obligation." -- William F. Buckley

  4. Hypophora consists of raising one or more questions and then proceeding to answer them. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "What is George Bush doing about our economic problems? He has raised taxes on the people driving pickup trucks and lowered taxes on the people riding in limousines."-- William Jefferson Clinton, 1992 DNC Acceptance Address

  5. Amplification involves repeating a word or expression while adding more detail to it, in order to emphasize what might otherwise be passed over. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "It seemed like to me they based some of their decisions on the word of--and the allegations by--people who were held in detention, people who hate America, people that had been trained in some instances to disassemble [sic]--that means not tell the truth."(George W. Bush)

  6. Understatement deliberately expresses an idea as less important than it actually is, either for ironic emphasis or for politeness and tact. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE The 1906 San Francisco earthquake interrupted business in the downtown area.

  7. Anadiplosis repeats the last word of one phrase, clause, or sentence at or very near the beginning of the next. It can be generated in series for the sake of beauty or to give a sense of logical progression. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "Once you change your philosophy, you change your thought pattern. Once you change your thought pattern, you change your attitude. Once you change your attitude, it changes your behavior pattern and then you go on into some action." -- Malcolm X, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5v-JuG6YMqI

  8. Distinction is an explicit reference to a particular meaning or to the various meanings of a word, in order to remove or prevent ambiguity. LEFT PAGE • Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "I've been in football all my life, really, and I want to say this -- that it's a great game, and it's a Spartan type of game. I mean by that it takes Spartan qualities in order to be a part of it, to play it. And I speak of the Spartan qualities of sacrifice and self-denial rather than that other Spartan quality of leaving the weak to die." -- Vince Lombardi

  9. Anaphora is a repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and with parallelism. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "What we need in the United States is not division. What we need in the United States is not hatred. What we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness; but is love and wisdom and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country whether they be white or whether they be black." -- Robert F. Kennedy

  10. Epistrophe forms the counterpart to anaphora, because the repetition of the same word or words comes at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divides [sic] us has come." -- Nelson Mandela, Inaugural Address

  11. Expletive is a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal syntax, used to lend emphasis to the words surrounding the expletive. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "The minimum wage, I might add, today is far less than it was in 1960 and 1970 in terms of purchasing power." -- Ralph Nader, 2000 NAACP Address

  12. Epanalepsis repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end. LEFT PAGE Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "A minimum wage that is not a livable wage can never be a minimum wage." -- Ralph Nader

  13. Parallel Structure is recurrent syntactical similarity. LEFT PAGE • Create an example of your own RIGHT PAGE "We have petitioned and our petitions have been scorned. We have entreated and our entreaties have been disregarded. We have begged and they have mocked when our calamity came. We beg no longer. We entreat no more. We petition no more. We defy them." -- William Jennings Bryan

  14. 3rd & 8th PERIOD SOPHOMORES STOP HERE!

  15. Aristotelian Persuasion

  16. Logos LEFT PAGE What kind of evidence appeals to logic? What effects does logos have on readers? RIGHT PAGE • The Greek word “logos” is the basis for the English word logic • Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, the general meaning of “logical argument”

  17. Ethos LEFT PAGE What must you do to develop Ethos? What effect does ethos have? RIGHT PAGE • Related to the English word ethics and refers to the trustworthiness of the speaker/writer • Ethos is an effective strategy because we want to believe that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, so we want to listen to what he/she says • The writer/speaker must also first establish ethos

  18. Pathos LEFT PAGE • How do you appeal to Pathos? • What effect does Pathos have on the reader? RIGHT PAGE • Related to the words pathetic, sympathy, and empathy • Whenever you accept a claim based on how it makes you feel • Although the pathetic appeal can be manipulative, it is what makes people move to action

  19. Sources Eidenmuller, Michael E. Rhetorical Figures in Sound. 2009. American Rhetoric. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/rhetoricaldevicesinsound.htm

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