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13.1 Succession

13.1 Succession. Pages 588-591. Succession. The gradual change in types of species found in an area over time. Primary Succession. Begins on bare rock Examples: after glaciers recede, volcanoes spew dust and lava or after explosions. Pioneer plants are first colonizers.

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13.1 Succession

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  1. 13.1 Succession Pages 588-591

  2. Succession • The gradual change in types of species found in an area over time.

  3. Primary Succession • Begins on bare rock Examples: after glaciers recede, volcanoes spew dust and lava or after explosions. Pioneer plants are first colonizers

  4. Primary succession • Bare rock

  5. Primary Succession • Lichens (fungi and algae)

  6. Moss

  7. Primary Succession • Grass and wild flowers

  8. Primary Succession • Shrubs

  9. Primary Succession • trees

  10. Primary succession • Climax forest: Maple beech forest

  11. Secondary Succession • Occurs after a disruption Examples include fire, flood, storms, plowing or digging the ground • Faster transformation

  12. Secondary Succession • construction

  13. Secondary succession • Forest fire

  14. Secondary Succession • floods

  15. 13.2 Asexual Reproduction in Seed Plants Pages 592-594

  16. Vegetative reproduction Leaves

  17. Asexual reproduction Stems -rhizomes -corms -stolons -tuber “eyes”

  18. Asexual Reproduction Roots -suckers

  19. pros and cons Advantages: -less energy investment -quick -plantlets are more robust than seedlings Disadvantages: -lack of genetic variation

  20. Grafting branch is attached to a stem of another plant • Branch is the scion. • Donor plant is the stock.

  21. 13.3 Sexual Reproduction in Plants Pages 595-602

  22. Seed-protects and nourishes the embryo Endosperm-specialized nutritive layer

  23. Seeds • Seed dispersal by wind, water, animals • Gymnosperms are naked seeds • Angiosperm seeds are contained in fruits

  24. Benefits of Sexual reproduction -Genetic variety -Wide dispersal -Seed dormancy

  25. Gymnosperms • Male cones  microspores  pollen grains • Female cones  megaspores egg-producing gametophytes • Wind pollination

  26. Fertilization • Pollen grain lands next to ovule. • Pollen tube grows to ovule. • Haploid nucleus divides into two haploid sperm. • One sperm fertilizes ovule • Time: 13 months

  27. Angiosperms Male: stamen Female: carpel

  28. Parts • Male: stamen anther –pollen grains filament- stalk • Female: carpel stigma- sticky top style- stalk ovary- contains ovules

  29. Monocot vsEudicot flowers • Monocot flowers- petals in 3’s Ex. tulip, lilly • Eudicot flowers – petals in 4’s or 5’s or more Ex. rose

  30. Pollination • Animal or wind • Cross-pollination between plants • Self-pollination between flowers Pollen lands on stigma Pollen tube grows down to ovary 2 haploid sperm: one fertilizes ovule to make a 2n seed, and one fertilizes a diploid polar nuclei that becomes a triploid 3n endosperm

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