The Rise of Greek City-States

1. The Rise of Greek City-States Chapter 4 Section 2

2. World History Bellwork –pick up a sheet of construction paper on your way to your seat! – to be used later… • polis • Acropolis • monarchy • aristocracy • Oligarchy • Phalanx • democracy • Tyrant • Create a vocabulary foldableusing the terms you see on the left. • Be sure you follow proper format. • Be sure you include chapterand sectionon your foldable. • Remember thatimages are always encouraged!!!

3. Objectives for Learning • 4.2.1 - Understand how geography influenced the Greek city-states. (done – last week’s map activity) • 4.2.2 - Define the three types of government that developed in the Greek city-states. (bellwork) • 4.2.3 - Explain how Sparta and Athens differed. (today) • 4.2.4 - Identify the culture and values shared by Greeks. (Wednesday)

4. Today’s Activity – Spartan/Athenian Foldable • Objectives – • 4.2.3 - Explain how Sparta and Athens differed. • Procedure: • To meet our day’s objectives we will create a foldable that details both Spartan and Athenian Civilizations. • Create a 2 flap foldable and label with Sparta on the left (they came first!) and Athens on the right (they came second). • Inside, record the important details you find about each culture using pages 120 - 123. • Remember to use your own words - not the book’s!!! • We will do the first couple of details together and review the rest of your answers when you are done) • Bullet points would be very effective and images are always encouraged!!! • I will be distributing CPS clickers for our closing assessment while you are working on your foldables.

5. Closure/Assessment • I will project 11 questions (19 – 30) concerning the Spartans and Athenians and types of early Greek governments(4.2.2 & 4.2.3) on the board. • Enter your answers using your CPS clickers only. • Let’s see how we did today - Can you beat the other class?

6. Geography of Ancient Greece

7. Geography Shapes Greece • Mountains divide the peninsula into isolated valleys; islands lie beyond the rugged coast. • Early Greeks formed small independent city-states isolated from surrounding areas by mountains or water

8. Life by the Sea • Seas link the Greeks to the outside world • Greeks become skilled sailors and trade grows • Traded olive oil, wine, and marble • Brought back: ideas • Rapid population growth, limited farmland lead to Greek colonies around the Mediterranean

9. The Polis • Polis made up of major city or town and surrounding countryside; built on two levels • At top of hill stands the acropolis, or “high city” • Main city develops on flatter ground with marketplace, public buildings, and homes • Male landowners hold all the power

10. Government of the Polis • First government is a monarchy; the rulers are kings • Power shifts to an aristocracy • Expansion of trade leads to rule by an oligarchy

11. New Warfare Methods • Changes in military technology lead to the expansion of the middle class • Iron weapons replace bronze • The phalanx emerged • a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers • creates a strong sense of unity • Athens and Sparta develop different ways of life

12. Unifying Forces • All Greeks were polytheistic • Greeks viewed those who were not Greek as barbaroi (barbarians) and felt that any Greek was superior to an outsider

13. Spartans • City-state was surrounded by land farmed by helots or slaves • Used military might to control helots • Had two kings and an assembly to rule the city state • 5 ephors ran the day to day government • Boys started to train at seven, they could marry at twenty, but lived in the barracks until they were thirty, and ate there till he was sixty • Girls were trained too but only to produce healthy children • They were isolated from other Greeks

14. Athenians • Government started as a monarchy, moved to aristocracy, and eventually • Important Athenians: • Solon – reformed economy & government • Pisistratus – helped the poor • Cleisthenes – formed legislature • Formed a limited democracy – only male citizens could vote • Women only really participate in religious ceremonies and not public life • Athenians focused on arts, education, and exploring new ideas