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Chapter 4 Gene Translation: RNA → Protein

Chapter 4 Gene Translation: RNA → Protein. 4.1 Translation System 1. Genetic codon.  Degeneracy  Generality  Particularity  Codon Anticodon. Wobble hypothesis. 2. mRNA structure mRNA structure of prokaryotes polycistron Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

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Chapter 4 Gene Translation: RNA → Protein

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  1. Chapter 4 Gene Translation: RNA → Protein

  2. 4.1 Translation System 1. Genetic codon  Degeneracy  Generality  Particularity  Codon Anticodon

  3. Wobble hypothesis

  4. 2. mRNA structure mRNA structure of prokaryotes polycistron Shine-Dalgarno sequence mRNA structure of eukaryotes single cistron 5’-cap 3’-poly(A)

  5. Acceptor arm cloverleaf structure TψCG loop D loop Extra arm Anticodon loop 3. tRNA

  6. tertiary structure Upside-down “L” (倒L形)

  7. 5. Ribosome

  8. 4.2 Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes Initiation 1、Ribosome 30S subunit 2、template mRNA 3、fMet-tRNAfMet 4、IF-1, IF-2, IF-3 5、GTP 6、 Ribosome 50S subunit 7、Mg2＋

  9. Initiation

  10. Elongation aa-tRNA →A site

  11. Formation of Peptide Bond

  12. Translocation

  13. Elongation of peptide chain

  14. RE1, RF2, or RF3 Termination of translation

  15. Peptide chain released Animation

  16. 4.3 Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes Initiation

  17. Processing of Nascent Protein  Removing fMet or Met  Formation of S-S bond  Chemical modification of amino acid  Intein splicing

  18. The Mechanism of Protein Splicing

  19. 4.4 Molecular Chaperone 1. Functions of Chaperones 2. Main Types of Chaperones molecular chaperone chaperonin trigger factor

  20. Chaperonins

  21. Trigger Factor in E. coli

  22. 4.5 Transmembrane Transport of Protein Signal Hypothesis  Signal peptide,  SRP  DP  Signal peptidase

  23. Model for the translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes

  24. 4.6 Protein Degradation 1. Ubiquitin (1) Components of Ubiquitin (2) Ubiquitination

  25. 2. Proteasomes

  26. 3. Protein Degradation Pathways (1) Ubiquitin-dependent degradation (2) Ubiquitin-independent degradation

  27. Summary 1. Structure of tRNA and ribosome 2. Procedures of protein translation 3. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation 4. What is the function of intein splicing? 5. Types of molecular chaperone and their functions 6. What is signal peptide? What is signal hypothesis? 7. Ubiquitin and mechanism of protein degradation

  28. Thank You Very Much

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