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RNA Translation

RNA Translation. RNA Processing. DNA. TRANSCRIPTION. Introns are pulled out and exons come together. RNA. TRANSLATION. End product is a mature RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Introns bad…… Exons good!. Protein. RNA Post-Transcriptional.

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RNA Translation

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  1. RNA Translation

  2. RNA Processing DNA TRANSCRIPTION • Introns are pulled out and exons come together. RNA TRANSLATION • End product is a mature RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm. • Introns bad…… Exons good! Protein

  3. RNA Post-Transcriptional pre-RNA molecule exon intron exon exon intron intron intron exon exon exon splicesome splicesome exon exon exon Mature RNA molecule RNA Processing • Processing must occur before mRNA can be used to produce a correct protein through translation. • the spliceosome catalyzes the reaction

  4. RNA Translation start codon A U G G G C U C C A U C G G C G C A U A A mRNA codon 1 codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 codon 7 stop codon protein methionine glycine serine isoleucine glycine alanine Primary structure of a protein aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 aa1 peptide bonds A. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

  5. Virtually all organisms share the same genetic code “unity of life” Second Base U C A G UUU UCU UAU UGU U tyr phe cys UUC UCC UAC UGC C ser U UUA UCA UAA stop UGA stop A leu UUG UCG UAG stop UGG trp G CUU CCU CAU CGU U his CUC CCC CAC CGC C pro arg leu C CUA CCA CAA CGA A gln CUG CCG CAG CGG G First Base Third Base AUU ACU AAU AGU U ser asn AUC ACC AAC AGC C ile thr A AUA ACA A AAA AGA lys arg AGG AUG ACG AAG G met (start) GUU GCU GAU GGU U asp GUC GCC GAC GGC C val G ala gly GUA GCA GAA GGA A glu GUG GCG GAG GGG G

  6. RNA Translation mRNA • Carries instructions from DNA to the rest of the ribosome. • Tells the ribosome what kind of protein to make • Acts like an email from the principal to the cafeteria staff.

  7. RNA Translation rRNA • Part of the structure of a ribosome • Helps in protein production tRNA A go-getter. Gets the right parts to make the right protein according to mRNA instructions

  8. RNA Translation amino acid attachment site methionine amino acid U A C anticodon B. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  9. Table 14.2 Types of RNA Type of RNA Functions in Function Messenger RNA (mRNA) Nucleus, migrates to ribosomes in cytoplasm Carries DNA sequence information to ribosomes Transfer RNA (tRNA) Cytoplasm Provides linkage between mRNA and amino acids; transfers amino acids to ribosomes Cytoplasm Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Structural component of ribosomes

  10. Amino acid Polypeptide Asite P site Anticodon mRNA 1 Codon recognition mRNAmovement Stopcodon Newpeptidebond 2 Peptide bond formation 3 Translocation Figure 10.14

  11. An example of translation: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/firefly/ Transcription / translation http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/

  12. mRNA A U G C U A C U U C G Ribosomes Large subunit P Site A Site Small subunit

  13. Nuclear membrane DNA Transcription Pre-mRNA RNA Processing mRNA Ribosome Translation Protein Translation - making proteins Eukaryotic Cell

  14. Translation • Three parts: 1. initiation: start codon (AUG) 2. elongation: 3. termination: stop codon (UAG) • Let’s make a PROTEIN!!!!.

  15. mRNA A U G C U A C U U C G Translation Large subunit P Site A Site Small subunit

  16. aa2 aa1 2-tRNA 1-tRNA G A U U A C Initiation anticodon A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  17. aa3 3-tRNA G A A Elongation peptide bond aa1 aa2 1-tRNA 2-tRNA anticodon U A C G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  18. aa3 3-tRNA G A A aa1 peptide bond aa2 1-tRNA U A C (leaves) 2-tRNA G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  19. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  20. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA G A U (leaves) 3-tRNA G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  21. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa4 aa3 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  22. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 3-tRNA G A A 4-tRNA G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  23. aa5 aa4 Termination aa199 aa200 aa3 primary structure of a protein aa2 aa1 terminator or stop codon 200-tRNA A C U C A U G U U U A G mRNA

  24. aa5 aa4 aa3 aa2 aa199 aa1 aa200 End Product • The end products of protein synthesis is a primary structure of a protein. • A sequence of amino acid bonded together by peptide bonds.

  25. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/

  26. Question: • The anticodon UAC belongs to a tRNA that recognizes and binds to a particular amino acid. • What would be the DNA base code for this amino acid?

  27. Answer: • tRNA - UAC (anticodon) • mRNA - AUG (codon) • DNA - TAC

  28. Protein Processing DNA TRANSCRIPTION RNA TRANSLATION • Post-translational processing – • Proteins undergo many processes such as folding, cutting and other processes), before becoming the mature protein product Protein

  29. Summarize the steps of translation from your text (pg 257 – 260)

  30. An example of translation: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/firefly/ Transcription / translation http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/ http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_protein_synthesis.htm

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