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Micro-CHP in the Hydrogen Economy

Micro-CHP in the Hydrogen Economy. European Commission Summit: H 2 in the Economy Michael Brown Director, Delta Energy and Environment E: michael.brown@delta-ee.com T: +44 131 466 5544 www.delta-ee.com. Delta Energy & Environment. A consultancy in global markets for distributed energy.

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Micro-CHP in the Hydrogen Economy

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  1. Micro-CHP in the Hydrogen Economy European Commission Summit: H2 in the Economy Michael Brown Director, Delta Energy and Environment E: michael.brown@delta-ee.com T: +44 131 466 5544 www.delta-ee.com

  2. Delta Energy & Environment A consultancy in global markets for distributed energy Delta-ee Core Expertise Demand Energy Services Energy Efficiency Heat Pumps PV Electric Vehicles Electricity Storage HEM Micro-CHP Smart Demand CHP Networks Generation

  3. Deep research into mCHP markets

  4. Agenda Micro-CHP product development Market outlook to 2020 Opportunities for mCHP in the hydrogen economy Challenges Research priorities

  5. mCHP - a likely role in a diverse home energy market

  6. Stirling Engine mCHP products on sale in Europe today Vaillant ecoPOWER 3kW & 4.7kW Viessmann / ESS EM5, 5kW SenerTec Dachs 5.5kW ICE Vaillant / Honda ecoPOWER 1kW RMB Neotower 5kW Remeha eVita 1kW Baxi Ecogen 1kW EHE WhisperGen 1kW Brötje Ecogen 1kW Kirsch L4.12 4 kW Proenvis Primus 1.4 4kW Viessmann Vitotwin 1 kW Baxi SenerTec Stirling SE 1 kW

  7. Fuel Cell mCHP is arriving Global annual sales of micro-CHP (<6kW) Solid Oxide FC Stirling Engine 4 Source: Delta-ee, 2012 2 1 PEM FC Internal Combustion Engine 3 2 4 1 Stirling engine launched in Europe PEM Fuel Cell launched in Japan Solid Oxide Fuel Cell launched in Japan ICE dominates Source: Delta Energy & Environment, 2012

  8. Best case commercialisation time-frames 2013 2014 2015 2016/17+ PEMFC 2013 2014 2015 2016/17+ SOFC

  9. Market outlook to 2020 Potential wildcards Low cost fuel cell or low cost engine – ICE or ORC? Surge in customer interest Shale gas revolution & rapidly rising electricity prices Innovative ‘micro-CHP for free’ contracting model High growth scenario Policy improves Prices fall quicker than expected Strong customer demand ~201,000 (~30% fuel cell) [€5-8k) Number of mCHP Annual Sales per Year (≤5kW)* ~98,000 (~30% FC) [~€12k] ~30,000 (~50% FC) [€15-18k]

  10. Main European markets for mCHP ≤2 kWe CHP

  11. 3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy H fed into a gas grid Local H networks House by house

  12. 3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy • H fed into a gas grid • Reduces emissions • Makes mCHP look even better • No major technical issues

  13. 3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy • Local H networks • New build focus • Low volumes • PEM FC without reformer – cheaper & simpler • Denmark is pioneering

  14. 3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy • House-by-house • Electrolyse when prices are low • Store the H locally, eg oil tanks • Generate electricity when prices are high • IRD approach

  15. House-by-house Improved performance and reduced CAPEX & OPEX of Fuel Cell-based systems Reduced CO2 emissions for electricity and heat generation Avoid technical barriers of hydrogen distribution (and associated investment) ηH2PTH: 44% ηH2PAC: 50% ηPACH2: 75% ηPACPTH: 15% η: 99% Overall Efficiency PACH2PAC : = 37% PAC H2 + PTHPAC+ PTH = 85% Source: IRD Fuel Cells A/S η: 99%

  16. Challenges for mCHP in a hydrogen economy Challenges Potential for reduced spark spread Minor modifications for any technology with H2 >1% energy content Further modifications required when H2 > 5% Variation in H2 blends presents a major technical issue

  17. Conclusions & Research Priorities Conclusions • Micro-CHP is well placed to deliver benefits in a future hydrogen economy: • additional CO2 emission savings • lower energy bills • Integrating micro-CHP with on-site hydrogen production can: • decrease losses, increasing round trip efficiency (for electricity & heat) • distributed storage solution avoids investment in NG network upgrades Research Priorities • How will spark-spread evolve with widespread H2 introduction? • Spark-spread dictates financial savings from micro-CHP • Technology innovation to cope with H2–NG blend variations • variations driven by renewable intermittency • System integration of micro-CHP, electrolysers & storage • historically, R&D funding has not focussed on integrated systems

  18. Contact Michael Brown Director Delta Energy & Environment Edinburgh UK michael.brown@delta-ee.com +44 131 466 5544 www.delta-ee.com

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