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Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition

Chapter 14 Lecture. Essentials of Genetics. Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition. 14.1 Mutations Are Classified in Various Ways Spontaneous and Induced Mutations Classification Based on Location of Mutation Somatic Germline Autosomal X-linked

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Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition

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  1. Chapter 14 Lecture Essentials of Genetics Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition

  2. 14.1 Mutations Are Classified in Various Ways • Spontaneous and Induced Mutations • Classification Based on Location of Mutation • Somatic • Germline • Autosomal • X-linked • Mutations are also classified as dominant versus recessive

  3. 14.1 Mutations Are Classified in Various Ways • Classification Based on Phenotypic Effects • Loss-of-function • Gain-of-function • Morphological • Nutritional • Behavioral • Lethal • Conditional

  4. Classification Based on Type of Molecular Change Figure 15.1

  5. 14.2 Spontaneous Mutations Arise from Replication Errors and Base Modifications • DNA Replication Errors • Replication Slippage • Tautomeric Shifts

  6. Figure 15.2

  7. Figure 15.2a

  8. Figure 15.2b

  9. Figure 15.3

  10. 14.2 Spontaneous Mutations Arise from Replication Errors and Base Modifications • Depurination and Deamination

  11. Deamination Figure 15.4

  12. 14.2 Spontaneous Mutations Arise from Replication Errors and Base Modifications • Oxidative Damage • Transposons

  13. 14.3 Induced Mutations Arise from DNA Damage Caused by Chemicals and Radiation • Base Analogs: • Compounds that can substitute for purines or pyrimidines during biosynthesis of amino acids.

  14. 15.3 Induced Mutations Arise from DNA Damage Caused by Chemicals and Radiation • Alkylating Agents: • Mustard gas is an example of an alkylating agent that adds alkyl groups to the purine or pyrimidine of the nucleotide.

  15. crosslinks

  16. Acridine Dyes and Frameshift Mutations Intercalating agents

  17. Acridine Dyes and Frameshift Mutations • Acridine Dyes • Cause frameshift mutations. • These agents form a wedge between purines and pyrimidines of intact DNA. • This contorts the helix and can lead to deletions or insertions.

  18. Ultraviolet Light Figure 15.7

  19. Figure 15.8

  20. 15.3 Induced Mutations Arise from DNA Damage Caused by Chemicals and Radiation • Ionizing Radiation

  21. Ionizing Radiation Figure 15.9

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