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Chapter 12: Eastern and Southern Africa

Chapter 12: Eastern and Southern Africa. Early Humans in Eastern/Southern Africa. Oldest human fossils found in Eastern & Southern Africa Humans moved across Africa & eventually to other continents Any humans that remained in Africa became farmers & herders. November 1974.

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Chapter 12: Eastern and Southern Africa

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  1. Chapter 12: Eastern and Southern Africa

  2. Early Humans in Eastern/Southern Africa Oldest human fossils found in Eastern & Southern Africa Humans moved across Africa & eventually to other continents Any humans that remained in Africa became farmers & herders

  3. November 1974 Human-like/ female skeleton found that is 3-3.5 million years old Scientists named her “Lucy” Her brain was one third the size of a normal human brain

  4. Lucy • 3 feet, 6 inches tall • About 25 years old • Walked on two legs, but may have still climbed trees well

  5. Trading Empires in Southern/Eastern Africa • Aksum Empire • Located in present-day Ethiopia 2,000 years ago • Traded with Southern Africa, Arabia, India, and Europe • Around 350 C.E., King Ezana adopts Christianity and it spreads through Aksum ends trade with Muslim nations • Mozambique & Zimbabwe • Around 700 C.E. • Both rich in gold, copper, iron • Traded these goods across the Indian Ocean & received textiles, spices, silk, & porcelain

  6. The Shona • Located along the Zambezi River between 1100 & 1500 C.E. • Created walled stone structures called zimbabwes • This is an example of a Zimbabwe:

  7. The Great Zimbabwe The Great Zimbabwe was the capital city of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe. It was abandoned in the 1400s.

  8. Masai and Zulu • Located in Kenya & parts of Tanzania • They were nomads who raised cattle • In the 1800s, they fought amongst themselves and many people died • Droughts also occurred led to the decline of the Masai • Lived in villages, grew grain, & raised cattle • In 1815, Shaka becomes chief and rules with unlimited power • He leads the Zulu into a series of wars to gain more land • He is assassinated by his half-brother in 1828 Europeans colonize Southern & Eastern Africa, especially the United Kingdom, Germany, & France

  9. Masai Jumping Dance

  10. Sketch of Chief Shaka

  11. End of Colonization • Between 1960 & 1964, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi become independent • Europe began to lose control because they were weakened by World War I and II • Somalia • Siad Barre rules from 1969 to 1991 • 1980s, letter is published by the people criticizing Barre • He is forced to step down in 1991 • Clans fight for control of Somalia • Rwanda • Women gain the right to hold jobs, own property and inherit it

  12. Agriculture & Culture • Pastoralism: raising cattle, sheep, or goats who graze • Bananas, strawberries, coffee, and cotton are some of the crops grown • Fishing is also an important industry along the Nile River • Mbira music- Shona people • Involves repetition • Mbira music has been spread to other continents like North & South America • Mbira music has started being played on electric guitars • This is called Jiti music • Example of Mbira: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIPORpN27CY

  13. Religion • Religion • 85% people practice Islam or Christianity • 15% practice traditional African religion which emphasizes sky gods, ancestors, & spirits • They do believe in one supreme creator

  14. Review • Section 1 Assessment • Pg. 343 #1,3,4 • Section 2 Assessment • Pg. 350 #1,3,4

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