Information Ethics, Information Literacy, and 21st Century Skills

1. Information Ethics, Information Literacy, and 21st Century Skills Dr. R. J. Pasco Coordinator, Library Science Education, University of Nebraska Omaha January 28, 2008

2. 21st Century Skills Framework http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120

3. Who is the Partnership?

4. Why 21st Century Skills? The 21st Century is about: New Contexts New Job Skills Global Citizenship

5. 21ST CENTURY STUDENT OUTCOMES: 1. Core Subjects and 21st Century Themes 2. Learning and Innovation Skills • Creativity and Innovation Skills • Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills • Communication and Collaboration Skills

6. 21st Century Student Outcomes (continued) 3. Information, Media and Technology Skills • Information Literacy • Media Literacy • ICT Literacy

7. 21st Century Student outcomes (continued) 4. Life and Career Skills • Flexibility & Adaptability • Initiative & Self-Direction • Social & Cross-Cultural Skills • Productivity & Accountability • Leadership & Responsibility

8. Most people get angry when they read… York Area Regional Police have arrested two students they say stole two vehicles and $20,000 in equipment and supplies during a burglary at the York County School of Technology on Christmas Eve. Ederle, K. (January 7, 2004). Students arrested in burglary. York Daily Record.

9. Are we all as angry when we read this? . . . 47 of the 424 students in a BUEC 333 class have been accused of plagiarism at Simon Fraser University Ramin, B. (Jamuary 14, 2002). Plagiarism in our halls? The Peak, 2(110).

10. Theft is Theft!

11. Free Papers! Other People's Papers Free Termpapers International Dorian's Paper Archive Evil House of Cheat Research Papers Online A+ A1 Termpaper Genius Papers

12. Is your Academic IntegrityPolicy up to date? UNO http://studentaffairs.unomaha.edu/ai-undergrad.php John F. Kennedy High School Granada Hills, California http://www.jfkcougars.org/academic_integrity_policy.jsp

13. ESU3 Schools Academic Integrity Policies • Omaha Public Schools • http://www.ops.org/MIDDLE/BUFFETT/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=3EZ2T9sY4tM%3D&tabid=231 • Omaha North High School http://webmail.ops.org/~susan.loder/expectations

14. We nearly always get what we ask for!

15. “Hunt and Gather” research projects Students gather basic facts and information about a country or an animal Little thinking is required - information gathering at its most basic level.

16. “Other People’s Ideas”(Jamie McKenzie) This is just a different type of “hunting and gathering” End products are susceptible to plagiarism when students gather other people's ideas without crediting the creator.

17. Analysis and Synthesis “These points could be used to...” or “this would impact ___ because…” (Mackenzie) If students cannot FIND the answers, but must MAKE the answers, they are less able to plagiarize.

18. How can I prevent Student Plagiarism? Increase your students’ Information Literacy!

19. Information Literacy Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to "recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information”. AASL. (1998). Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning. Chicago: ALA.

20. AASL Standards for the 21st-Century Learner http://www.ala.org/ala/aasl/aaslproftools/learningstandards/standards.cfm

21. The Standards 1. inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge; 2. draw conclusions, make informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations, and create new knowledge;

22. Standards (continued) 3. share knowledge and participate ethically and productively as members of our democratic society; 4. pursue personal and aesthetic growth.

23. Design Information-rich assignments!

24. An information rich assignment requires students to: • Prospect • Interpret • Create good new ideas • McKenzie, J. (2000). Winning with information literacy. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http://fno.org/sum00/winning.html.

25. An information rich assignment: • Is more than a laundry list of resources • Requires teachers to be part of the entire writing process

26. If students cannot FIND the answers, but must read and think critically to MAKE the answers, they are more likely to write carefully and are less able to engage in acts of academic dishonesty.

27. Information Rich Assignment(Non-Example) Research a company in which you might consider employment, including size, structure, earnings, philosophy, history and competition.

28. Discourage Trivial Pursuits - Encourage critical thinking Design research projects which demand that students move past “Hunt and Gather” to “Analysis”, “Synthesis” and “Evaluation”. Require students to engage and apply ideas, not just describe them.

29. Ask “Essential Questions” (Mackenzie) Essential questions demand that students relate the information to something in their own life.

30. Citation, Citation, Citation Model, Model, Model Forms, Forms, Forms Reward, Reward, Reward

31. Assess products and activities throughout the research process Do NOT wait until the end of the process/project to let students know how they are doing.

32. Be involved in the Writing Process! Require topic proposals, idea outlines, multiple drafts, interim working bibliographies and photocopies of sources. Wilhoit, S. (1994). Helping students avoid plagiarism. College Teaching, 42, 161-164.

33. This is not new! What the Nebraska Department of Education asks of you…

34. NE LEARNS Standards - Science “In the Nebraska K-12 Science Standards these knowledge levels include the ability to:       •    Recall or recognize important information, key definitions, terminology, and facts.      •  Explain the information in one’s own words, comprehend how the information is related to other key facts, and suggest additional interpretations of its meaning or importance.

35. NE Science Standards (continued) •   Arrange and combine important information, facts, and principles to produce a new idea, plan, procedure, or product.      •  Make judgments about information in terms of accuracy, precision, consistency, or effectiveness.

36. What we lose if we don’t address the unethical use of information Often lost in the discussion of plagiarism is the interest of the students who don't cheat. They do legitimate research and write their own papers. They work harder (and learn more) than the plagiarists, yet their grades may suffer when their papers are judged and graded against papers that are superior but stolen material. When teachers turn a blind eye to plagiarism, it undermines that right and denigrates grades, degrees, and even institutions. Hinchliffe, L. (1998,). Cut-and-Paste plagiarism: Preventing, detecting and tracking online plagiarism. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~janicke/plagiary

37. We are not educating students so they will do well in school. We are educating students so they do well in life. Support information ethics through information literacy ! (Eisner)

38. It’s a Marathon - Not a Sprint!

39. An information literate physician who writes well could…

40. An information literate auto mechanic who writes well could…

41. An information literate teacher who writes well could…

42. Bibliography AASL. (1998). Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning. Chicago: ALA. Hinchliffe, L. (1998). Cut-and-Paste Plagiarism: Preventing, Detecting and Tracking Online Plagiarism. Retrieved April 14, 2002 from http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~janicke/plagiary McKenzie, J. (1998, May). The New Plagiarism: Seven Antidotes to Prevent Highway Robbery in an Electronic Age . From Now On: The Educational Technology Journal. Retrieved May 2, 2002, from http://www.fno.org/may98/cov98may.html Wilhoit, S. (1994). Helping Students Avoid Plagiarism. College Teaching, 42, 161-164.

43. References (continued) • American Association of School Librarians. (2007). 21st Century Learning Standards. Retrieved January 21, 2008 from http://www.ala.org/ala/aasl/aaslproftools/learningstandards/standards.cfm • Eisner, E. (1985). Beyond creating: The place for art in America's schools. • Partnership for21st Century Skills. (2007). Framework for 21st century learning. Retrieved January 21, 2008 from http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?Itemid=120&id=254&option=com_content&task=view • Rice, D., & Kozak, M. (2007, August 1). 21st Century skills for our classrooms. Retrieved January 21, 2007 from http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:7G0W9I4f0k0J:www.nde.state.ne.us/ADMINDAYS07/16_21stCentSklsAD07.ppt+nebraska+21st+century+skills&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us

44. Thank you! Questions and Comments