Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Communities II-1E3 : Plankton

1. Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Communities II-1E3: Plankton View this quiz as a slide show from “the beginning” During the slide show, you can right click on any slide and choose pointer options then pen or highlighter to write on any slide. But you will need to right click & choose pointer options then arrow before you can click on any of the navigation links again. Click to Start

2. II-1E3-1 ________________ are tiny single-celled plantsthat require light to live and reproduce. Therefore, the largest concentrations occur near the surface. Phytoplankton No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

3. II-1E3-2 True or False: Salinity affects phytoplankton distribution with the largest number of species preferring the fresher waters near the head of the Bay. False: Salinity affects phytoplankton distribution with the largest number of species preferring the saltier waters near the mouth of the Bay. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

4. II-1E3-3 What season do the largest concentrations of phytoplankton in the Bay occur? Why? Spring. The amount of nutrients in the water is a major determinant to the abundance of these plants so the largest concentrations occur during the spring when nutrients are replenished by freshwater runoff from the watershed No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

5. II-1E3-4 These high concentrations of phytoplankton produce the characteristic _____________ color of estuarine and near-shore waters. brown-green No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

6. II-1E3-5 Although there are many species of phytoplankton, the major types in the Bay are _________ and______________. dinoflagellates diatoms No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

7. II-1E3-6 Diatoms __________________ , which are present throughout much of the year, may account for 50% of total algal production. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

8. II-1E3-7 dinoflagellates When ______________ dominate the water, a red-tinted bloom, called a mahogany tide, may be produced. Mahogany tides typically occur on warm, calm days, often following rain. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

9. II-1E3-8 Changes in chemical conditions, such as the addition of nutrients, can cause what changes in algae? What are some consequences of these changes? Changes in chemical conditions can cause rapid increases in the amount of algae. These algal blooms can block light from reaching SAV beds. Even after they die, deposition and subsequent decomposition of large masses of plankton in the mainstem of the Bay can deplete dissolved oxygen, suffocating other estuarine animals. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

10. II-1E3-9 Phytoplankton are the major food source for microscopic animals called ______________. zooplankton No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

11. II-1E3-10 Dominating the zooplankton are the __________ (tiny crustaceans about one millimeter long) and _______________. copepods fish larvae No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

12. II-1E3-11 Zooplankton are distributed according to __________ levels. Distribution patterns also are related to those of their main food source—the _____________. salinity phytoplankton No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

13. II-1E3-12 Zooplankton also feed on other particulate plant matter and _________. bacteria No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

14. II-1E3-13 Tiny ______________ of invertebrates and fish also are considered zooplankton. This planktonic stage is only temporary, these are consumed by larger animals, and may, as they grow, consume copepods. larvae No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

15. II-1E3-14 Another group of zooplankton found in the Bay are the _________ . These single-celled animals feed on detritus and bacteria. They, in turn, become food for larvae, copepods and larger protozoa. protozoa No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

16. II-1E3-15 Bacteria ________________ are essentially the decomposers in the Bay. Their primary function is to break down dead matter, particularly plants, making nutrients in dead plant and animal matter again become available for growing plants. They are eaten by zooplankton and other filter-feeding animals. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

17. II-1E3-16 Bacteria can be residents of the Bay or can be introduced through various pathways, including _______________ and ________________________. human sewage runoff from the land No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

18. II-1E3-17 Coliform _______________ bacteria are normal resident bacteria found in the intestines of mammals. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

19. II-1E3-18 What does the presence of coliforn in a body of water indicate? • human or other animal wastes are present • disease-producing pathogens may be present in the water. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

20. II-1E3-19 Jellyfishes comb jellies ____________ and ______________ are the largest zooplankton in the Bay. Some of these gelatinous creatures swim, though they are still at the mercy of the water currents. Hint Answer Next Slide

21. II-1E3-20 tentacles Jellyfishes have ____________ with stinging cells used to stun prey. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

22. II-1E3-21 The most famous jellyfish in the Chesapeake is the ________________. sea nettle No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

23. II-1E3-22 Sea nettles feed voraciously on other _____________, including ____________, _____________ and even small __________________. zooplankton comb jellies fish larvae fish No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

24. II-1E3-23 Because of the large volume of water in their bodies, few animals except ________________ prey on sea nettles. sea turtles No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

25. II-1E3-24 Comb jellies, lacking the stinging cells of nettles, capture prey with ___________. adhesive cells No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

26. II-1E3-1 Comb jellies consume vast quantities of small _____________ and ___________, especially _______________. copepods zooplankton oyster larvae C, z & o Hint Answer Last Slide