Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 3: Water & Sediments

1. Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 3: Water & Sediments Chemical Make-up: Composition & Dissolved Gases II-1C3 View this quiz as a slide show from “the beginning” During the slide show, you can right click on any slide and choose pointer options then pen or highlighter to write on any slide. But you will need to right click & choose pointer options then arrow before you can click on any of the navigation links again. Click to Start

2. II-1C3-1 Label the diagram Chlorine Sulfate Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Hint: word bank Answer Next Slide

3. II-1C3-2 True or False: The composition of seawater is relatively constant from place to place True No hint. Hint Answer Next Slide

4. II-1C3-3 The composition of freshwater varies depending on the _____________ and ______________ with which the water has come in contact. soil rocks Amy Donna collects these. Hint Answer Next Slide

5. II-1C3-4 Name three sources of natural dissolved materials for both fresh and saltwater. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, decompose dead organisms and release compounds into the water. Live organisms also release compounds directly into the water. Dissolved material enters the Bay via its tributaries and the ocean No hints. Hint Answer Next Slide

6. II-1C3-5 Seawater also contains hundreds of trace elements that are important in many _____________ reactions. biological A science. Hint Answer Next Slide

7. II-1C3-6 Metals such as __________, _______, ____________ and _____________ also naturally occur in Bay water in low concentrations. mercury lead chromium cadmium Really fast. You have a _____ foot 2 _____mium s Hint Answer Next Slide

8. II-1C3-7 As you move down the Bay the composition of the water follows the ________________ gradients. salinity No hint. Hint Answer Next Slide

9. II-1C3-8 The amount of available oxygen is affected by ____________ and ___________________. salinity temperature No hint. Hint Answer Next Slide

10. Cold II-1C3-9 ________ water can hold more dissolved oxygen than ________ water, and _________water holds more than _________ water. warmer fresh saline Fresh Saline cold warm. Hint: word bank Answer Next Slide

11. II-1C3-10 Name two ways oxygen is transferred from the atmosphere into surface waters. diffusion aerating action of the wind. No hint. Hint Answer Next Slide

12. II-1C3-11 Floating and rooted aquatic plants and phytoplankton release oxygen when _________________________ . photosynthesizing No hint. Hint Answer Next Slide

13. II-1C3-12 Since photosynthesis requires light, production of oxygen by aquatic plants is limited to shallow water areas, usually less than ______ feet deep. six 6, 8, 10 or 12 Hint: multiple choice Answer Next Slide

14. II-1C3-13 _______ water is nearly saturated with oxygen most of the year, while __________ waters range from saturated to anoxic (no oxygen present). Surface Deep bottom Surface Deep bottom Hint: word bank Answer Next Slide

15. II-1C3-14 Give three reasons dissolved oxygen is plentiful throughout the water columnduring winter. respiration levels of organisms are relatively low Vertical mixing is good There is little salinity or temperature stratification 2 & 3 are related Hint Answer Next Slide

16. II-1C3-15 What provides the carbon that plants use to produce new tissue during photosynthesis and is a byproduct of respiration? Carbon dioxide Dissolved gas Hint Answer Next Slide

17. II-1C3-16 True or False: Carbon dioxide is less soluble in water than oxygen False No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

18. II-1C3-17 Label the diagram Hint Answer Next Slide

19. II-1C3-18 Nitrogen is essential to the production of plant and animal _________. tissue No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

20. II-1C3-19 Nitrogen is used primarily by plants and animals to synthesize __________. protien You get this primarily from eating meat Hint Answer Next Slide

21. II-1C3-20 Some bacteria and blue-green algae can extract nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and transform it into organic nitrogen compounds. This process, called nitrogen ________, cycles nitrogen between organic and inorganic components. fixation No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

22. II-1C3-21 Some bacteria release nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere as part of their normal metabolism in a process called _______________. This process removes about 25% of the nitrogen entering the Bay each year. denitrification No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

23. II-1C3-22 In the water, phosphorus occurs in dissolved organic and inorganic forms, often attached to particles of sediment. This nutrient is essential to cellular growth and reproduction. False No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

24. II-1C3-23 __________________ and ___________ assimilate and use phosphorus in their growth cycles. Phytoplankton and bacteria No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

25. II-1C3-24 _______________ (the organic form) are preferred, but organisms will use other forms of phosphorus when these are unavailable. Phosphates No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

26. II-1C3-25 Nutrient pollution __________________ is the number one problem in the Bay system. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

27. II-1C3-26 In the presence of oxygen, high concentrations of ____________ in the water will combine with suspended particles. These particles eventually settle to the Bay bottom and are temporarily removed from the cycling process phosphates No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

28. II-1C3-27 Phosphorus compounds in the Bay generally occur in greater concentrations in more or less saline areas? less No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

29. II-1C3-28 Overall, phosphorus concentrations vary more in the summer or winter. summer No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

30. II-1C3-29 Name five sources of nutrients entering the Bay. Sewage treatment plants industries vehicle exhaust acid rain runoff from agricultural, residential and urban areas No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

31. II-1C3-30 Name the two main Bay problems caused by algae blooms These blooms become so dense that they reduce the amount of sunlight available to underwater bay grasses. Without sufficient light, plants cannot photosynthesize and produce the food they need to survive. Algae also may grow directly on the surface of bay grasses, blocking light. Another hazard of nutrient-enriched algal blooms comes after the algae die. As the blooms decay, oxygen is used up in decomposition. This can lead to dangerously low oxygen levels that can harm and even kill aquatic organisms. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

32. II-1C3-31 Excess amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus cause the rapid growth of_________________, creating dense populations or algal blooms. phytoplankton No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

33. II-1C3-32 These contaminants reach the Bay through municipal and industrial wastewater, runoff from agricultural, residential and urban areas and atmospheric deposition. False No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

34. II-1C3-33 Besides nutrients, name four other substances people add to the Bay's water, that create serious pollution problems and can be toxic to living resources. Heavy metals Insecticides Herbicides a variety of synthetic products and byproducts No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

35. II-1C3-34 Name two ways the Bay pollution situation is improving. In many cases, industrial wastewater is treated to remove contaminants. The use of especially damaging synthetic substances, like DDT and Kepone, has been banned. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

36. II-1C3-35 Since ______, regional Bay restoration leaders have worked together to reduce the amount of nutrients flowing into the Bay and its rivers. 1987 No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

37. II-1C3-36 2003 In _______, the six Bay watershed states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency agreed to steep cuts in the amount of nutrients flowing into the Bay and its rivers. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

38. II-1C3-37 The new nutrient reduction goals, or allocations, call for Bay watershed states to reduce the amount of __________flowing into the Bay from the 274 million pounds in 2001 to no more than 175 million pounds per year by 2010, and ______________ from 19.1 million pounds to no more than 12.8 million pounds per year by 2010. nitrogen phosphorus No hint Hint Answer Last Slide