Physical Feature of Europe

1. Physical Feature of Europe Unit 4: Chapter 12

2. Europe: - is a continent that is made up of many peninsulas - Europe is a peninsula Peninsula: a body of land surrounded on 3 side by water - In many of the peninsulas there are Fjords: Fjords: U-shaped valleys that connect to the sea, they are caused by glaciers that once slid across land Physical Features of Europe

3. Peninsulas • Peninsulas: • * peninsulas are important to trade and commerce due to the easy access to the ocean and other major bodies of water • - in the north there are 2 major peninsulas

4. Northern Peninsulas • 1) Scandinavian Peninsula- portions of Norway and Sweden that are surrounded by the Norwegian Sea, North Sea, and Baltic Sea. • 2) Jutland Peninsula- largest part of Denmark and smaller part of Germany

7. Jutland Peninsula

8. Southern Peninsulas • - in the south there are 3 major peninsulas • 1) Iberian Peninsula- makes up Spain and Portugal, and is blocked off by the Pyrenees Mountains • 2) Italian Peninsula- makes up Italy and is shaped like a boot • 3) Balkan Peninsula- very mountainous peninsula bordered by the Adriatic Sea

9. Iberian Peninsula

10. Italian Peninsula

11. Balkan Peninsula

12. Mountains of Europe • Mountains: • - mountains are an important part of geography in Europe, think of them as walls that separate people, ideas, and goods. • - they are also barriers for weather and climate • - also they create tourist opportunities for the economy

13. Mountains of Europe • 1) Alps: are the most famous of Europe • - they run across France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria • - they separate Italy from Europe • 2) Pyrenees Mtns: • - wall like mountains that separate Spain and Portugal from France • - boundary for the Iberian Peninsula

14. Alps

15. Alp Mtns

16. Pyrenees Mtn

17. Mountains of Europe • 3)Apennine Mtns: • - run down the Italian Peninsula and separate east and west parts of Italy • 4)Balkan Mtns: • - these mountains block off the Balkan Peninsula

18. River System of Europe • Rivers: • - rivers of Europe serve many purposes, one major purpose is transportation. • Rhine River: flows 820 miles north from the interior of Europe, and empties into the North Sea • Danube River: flows almost 2,000 miles and touches 9 countries as it flows from the interior of Europe into the Black Sea.

19. Plains of Europe • Plains: • - 33% of Europe is suitable for growing crops (11% of the world’s plains) • - one major plain: • 1) Northern European Plain- • - cuts across parts of France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, and Poland

20. Resources of Europe • Resources: • - Europe has many dense forests and many mineral resources and energy resources • - 2 major mineral resources: • 1) Coal • 2) Iron Ore • - energy resources: include natural gas and oil found in the North Sea.

21. Ireland: Unique Case • * Ireland is unique in Energy Resources: • - they don’t have forests or coal deposits so for some of their energy they rely on Peat Moss: • Peat Moss- is partially decade plant matter found in bogs and is burned for fuel

23. Climate/Vegetation

24. Climate • Climate: • - Europe is divided when it comes to climate there are • * Warm coastlines • * Harsh interior weather • - most of Europe has a marine west climate, which means warm summers and cool winters • - depends on latitude

25. *Warm Coast Lines - caused by the North Atlantic Drift: current of warm water from the Atlantic that flows close to the coastline bringing warm air and warmer temperatures.

26. * Harsh Interior • - harsh interior comes from different latitudes • ° hot and dry summers but cold snowy winters

27. Mediterranean Climate • - borders the Mediterranean Sea and has mild and dry temperatures • - the Alp Mtns block the cold winds from the north • - also warm due to the Sirocco:which are warm winds that blow from north Africa • - this form of climate allows for the growth of olives, grapes and other major crops in

29. Human-Environment Interaction “God creates the world, but the Dutch created Holland” • - 40% of the Netherlands was once under sea water • - land was reclaimed by a system of Polders • Polders:is the draining of water from an area and then a dike is built to keep water out. • - Dutch also use Terpens, which are high- earthen platforms that protect from sea currents.

32. Waterways of Venice: • - Venice, Italy was built on a swamp with many rivers/canals flowing around it. • -120 islands make up Venice, so to get around the city you either walk or take a boat. • - due to the weight of the city and the lowlands it was built on Venice is sinking and creating water pollution due to the boats.