Earth Science Midterm Exam Review

1. Earth Science Midterm Exam Review NOTE: You do not need to study the challenge questions for the exam.

2. Moon Features • Since the moon has no atmosphere, then • A. it experiences big temperature changes from day to night. • B. it experiences no erosion. • C. it gets bombarded by meteorites. • D. all of the above.

3. Challenge! (moon features) • Who publically opposed the Apollo moon landing? • A. Carl Sagan • B. Richard Nixon • C. Walt Disney • D. Mohammed Ali

4. Phases of the moon • What phase of the moon do you see here? • A. Full moon • B. First quarter • C. Waxing crescent • D. Waning gibbous

5. Challenge! (phases of the moon) • What movie will sync up with the Dark Side of the Moon album by Pink Floyd? • A. Snow White • B. Willy Wonka • C. Wizard of Oz • D. Wall-E

6. eclipses • In order to have a lunar eclipse, the following objects must be in what order? • A. moon-earth-sun • B. Earth-sun-moon • C. moon-sun-Earth • D. None of these

7. Challenge! (eclipses) • How wide is the moon’s umbra during a solar eclipse? (average) • A. 1 mile • B. 10 miles • C. 100 miles • D. 1000 miles

8. tides • What type of tide do you see here? • A. Spring tide • B. Neap tide • C. Rip tide • D. Roll tide

9. Challenge! (tides) • Where could you experience a tidal bore? • A. The Atlantic Ocean • B. The Sienne River • C. The Great Lakes • D. None of these

10. SS Models • How did Kepler improve the Copernican model? • A. He put the Sun in the center. • B. He put the Earth in the center. • C. He said the orbits were elliptical. • D. He added comets.

11. Challenge! (ss models) • Where is the Very Large Array? • (27 radio telescopes used to collect pictures from satellites in space) • A. New York • B. New Guinea • C. New Mexico • D. New Zealand

12. Sun features • Where is the convective zone? • A. A • B. B • C. C • D. D

13. Challenge! (sun features) • If we could gather all the energy the sun put out in one second, for how long could we power all our needs on Earth? • A. 5 years • B. 500 years • C. 500,000 years • D. 5 million years

14. seasons • Which of the following causes seasons? • A. Earth’s tilted axis • B. Earth’s elliptical orbit • C. The moon • D. Solar wind

15. Challenge! (Seasons) • Where and when could a person develop insomnia due to lack of nightfall? • A. The equator at noon • B. Northern Alaska in summer • C. Mt. Everest in summer • D. Death Valley in winter

16. Planets • What planet is found between the asteroid belt and Saturn? • A. Mars • B. Earth • C. Neptune • D. Jupiter

17. Challenge! (planets) • Mars Curiosity Rover recently found • A. The “flower” rock. • B. a small stream • C. martian fossils. • D. gold.

18. comets • What is the name of the rocky center of a comet? • A. Core • B. Mantle • C. Coma • D. Nucleus

19. Challenge! (comets) • How close did Comet Hyakutake (1996) came within ___ of Earth. • A. 9.3 miles • B. 9.3 thousand miles • C. 9.3 million miles • D. 9.3 light minutes

20. Earth impacts • Shooting stars are not stars at all… they are actually • A. Meteoroids. • B. Meteors. • C. Meteorites. • D. Comets.

21. Challenge! (Earth impacts) • How big was the meteorite that made this crater (Meteor Crater in AZ)? • A. School bus • B. High school • C. High school weight room • D. The football stadium

22. SS Formation • While the universe is about 14 billion years old, the solar system is about • A. 1 billion years old. • B. 5 billion years old. • C. 10 billion years old. • D. a google years old.

23. Challenge! (ss formation) • Many planets of the solar system may have formed from a star that had been recycled ___. • A. Never • B. Once • C. Twice • D. 100 times

24. distances • The Sun is ___ away. • A. 93 billion miles • B. 1 AU • C. 150 km • D. 8 light years

25. Challenge! (distances) • How far away is the Hubble Telescope? • 347 miles • 347 light seconds • 347 light minutes • 347 AU

26. Star life cycle • What stage is blocked by the gray box? • A. Supernova • B. Main sequence • C. Nebula • D. White dwarf

27. Challenge! (star life cycle) • How many supernovas happen in the universe per year? • Our galaxy has about two per century. • A. 100 • B. 100,000 • C. 1,000,000 • D. 1,000,000,000

28. Stars • Which of the following belongs in this list? • BLACK HOLE, PROTOSTAR, SUPERNOVA • A. main sequence • B. Galaxy • C. Constellation • D. Comet

29. Challenge! (stars) • What European soccer team’s nickname is inspired by our galaxy’s nickname? • A. Real Madrid • B. Chelsea • C. Newcastle • D. Los Angeles

30. galaxies • What shape is the Milky Way? • A. Irregular • B. Spiral • C. Sombrero • D. Amoeba

31. Challenge! (galaxies) • Where is the Sun? • A. The Orion Arm • B. The exact center of the SS • C. The middle of the Milky Way • D. The Andromeda Galaxy

32. Hr diagram • What type of star is Rigel? • A. Giant • B. Blue supernova • C. Blue supergiant • D. White dwarf

33. Challenge! (hr diagram) • What nationalities were the two men that made the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? • A. American and German • B. English and Swedish • C. Scottish and South African • D. American and Danish

34. Big Bang • The diagram here explains how • A. Stars that are moving away show red shift. • B. Stars that are moving away show blue shift. • C. Stars don’t move. • D. Stars emit slinkies into your eye if you wear a hair piece.

35. Challenge! (big bang) • Who suggested that there was no such thing as linear time before the Big Bang? • A. Stephen Hawking • B. Albert Einstein • C. Carl Sagan • D. Edwin Hubble

36. magnitude • The Sun has an average ___ magnitude. • A. Absolute • B. Apparent • C. Relative • D. Convective

37. Challenge! (magnitude) • In terms of apparent magnitude, what is three times brighter than Venus? • A. The Sun • B. A full moon • C. A new moon • D. Saturn

38. atmosphere • Which of the following is NOT true about the troposphere? • A. It is the air we breathe. • B. It has our weather. • C. It has the ozone layer. • D. It is the most dense.

39. Challenge! (atmosphere) • The highest wind ever recorded on Earth (231 mph) occurred where? • A. Mount Washington, NH • B. Green Bay, WI • C. New Orleans, LA • D. Death Valley, CA

40. humidity • As humidity increases… • A. the air gets more saturated. • B. the air gets heavier. • C. the air gets colder. • D. dew freezes.

41. Challenge! (humidity) • What US city gets the LEAST precipitation per year? (2.65 in) • A. Denver, CO • B. Yuma, AZ • C. Cheyenne, WY • D. Bishop, CA

42. POLLUTION • Carbon dioxide is NOT increased when • A. fossil fuels are burned. • B. biomass is burned. • C. volcanoes erupt. • D. the air gets humid.

43. Challenge! (pollution) • What greenhouse gas is buried in Siberian ice? When the ice melts, this gas will increase global warming significantly. • A. Nitrous oxide • B. Water vapor • C. Methane • D. Propane

44. Weather stations • What can be determined from this station model? • A. Wind speed • B. Wind direction • C. Cloud cover • D. All of the above

45. Challenge! (weather stations) • What year in the US was the warmest on record and the 2nd most extreme in weather conditions? • A. 2012 • B. 2009 • C. 1992 • D. 1906

46. fronts • Where would the coldest air be? • A. Gold star • B. Purple star • C. Red star • D. Green star

47. Challenge! (fronts) • In 1985, Virginia recorded its lowest temperature ever. It was • A. -60 F • B. -30 F • C. -3 F • D. Absolute zero

48. size • Which of the following is the largest? • A. Star system • B. Universe • C. Galaxy • D. Star

49. Challenge! (size) • What is my high score in bowling? • A. 300 • B. 3000 • C. 256 • D. 255