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Populations and community interactions

Populations and community interactions. Population growth. What are some of the factors that affect the size of a population?. Four factors affect the size of a population. Individuals are ADDED to the population. Individuals are REMOVED from the population.

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Populations and community interactions

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  1. Populations and community interactions

  2. Population growth What are some of the factors that affect the size of a population?

  3. Four factors affect the size of a population Individuals are ADDED to the population Individuals are REMOVED from the population • Immigration: when individuals move into a population´s range. (Imigração) • Birthrate: number of individuals that are born in a population in a period of time. (Natalidade) • Emigration: when individuals move out of the range. (Emigração) • Death rate: number of individuals that die in a population in a period of time. (Mortalidade)

  4. Community Interactions Both populations are harmed by the interaction Both populations benefit from the interaction One population benefits from it but the other is not affected by it One population benefits from it and the other is harmed by it One population is harmed by it but the other is not affected by it

  5. Competition: same or different species (Competição) • Organisms attempting to use the same ecological resource at the same time and place. • Populations inhibit one another (both populations are harmed by the interaction). Two gazelles competing for land.

  6. Predation: one organism captures and feeds on another organism (Predação) • Predator-prey relationship: (Relação predador-presa) • One animal (predator) captures and feeds on another animal (prey). • Lions and buffalo Who is the predator and who is the prey?

  7. Predation • Herbivore-plant relationship: (Herbivoria) • One animal (herbivore) feeds on plants. • Caterpillar and plants

  8. Symbiosis: two species living closely together (Simbiose) • Mutualism (Mutualismo) • It is obligatory; both populations benefit from the relation. • Legume plant and nitrogen-fixing bacteria located in nodules on their roots The bacteria helps the plant to absorb water and minerals. The plant produces organic food for itself and also for the bacteria.

  9. Symbiosis • Protocooperation (Protocooperação) • It is NOT obligatory; both populations benefit from the relation. • Birds and cows The bird eats ticks or lice, that are parasites of cows.

  10. Symbiosis • Parasitism (Parasitismo) • The parasite (A) exploits the host (B), but does not kill it outright. • Ticks (A) and dogs (B) • “Athletes foot” on human • Worms and human intestine The tick eats skin and blood of the dog.

  11. Symbiosis • Commensalism (Comensalismo) • The commensal (A) benefits while the host (B) is not affected. • Remora fish (A) and sharks (B) Remora fish swims attached to the shark -so that it uses the host as transport, protection and also feeds on food remains.

  12. Symbiosis • Amensalism (Amensalismo ou antibiose) • One species (A) produces a chemical compound (as part of its normal metabolic reactions) that is harmful to the other species (B)  A unaffected; B inhibited. • Fungus (A) and bacteria (B) The fungus (Penicillium) produces antibiotics, penicillin, that limits the bacterial (Staphylocoque) growth.

  13. Symbiosis • Inquilinismo • An specie (A) uses another one (B) as a place to live (like a house) but doesn't actually use any resources from B. • Epiphytes (A) and trees (B) The bromeliad gets all it's nutrients from the environment AROUND the tree. The tree neither benefits nor is harmed by the bromeliad "setting up residence" in it's branches.

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