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Quoting

Quoting. Academic Writing in English. American Psychological Association (APA). Short quote – 40 words or less = incorporate it into the text. Long quote – 40 words + = freestanding block of typewritten text and omit the question marks.

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Quoting

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  1. Quoting Academic Writing in English

  2. American Psychological Association (APA) • Short quote – 40 words or less = incorporate it into the text. • Long quote – 40 words + = freestanding block of typewritten text and omit the question marks. Taken from: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 5th edition, APA: Washington, DC.

  3. Example 1 – APA style guide, 5th edition pg.118 • She stated, ”The ’placebo effect’…disappeared when behaviors were studied in theis manner”(Miele, 1993, p.276), but she did not clarify which behaviours were studied.

  4. Example 2 – ibid. • Miele (1993) found that ”the ’placebo effect,’ which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [only the first group’s] behaviors were studied in this manner” (p. 276).

  5. Example 3 - ibid • Miele (1993) found the following: The ”placebo effect,” which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviours were studied in this manner. Furthermore, the behaviors were never exhibited again [italics added], even when reel [sic] drugs were administered. Earlier studies (e.g., Abdullah, 1984; Fox, 1979) were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 279)

  6. Other reference styles • Vancouver, Chicago = shares the sameviews on directquotes as APA • No informationfrom IEEE, but IEEE is based on the Chicago ReferenceStylesoitshouldbe the same as above. • Harvard?

  7. When should I quote? According to the University of Wisconsin Madison Writing Centre, quoting should be done in research papers when: • to show that an authority supports your point • to present a position or argument to critique or comment on • to include especially moving or historically significant language • to present a particularly well-stated passage whose meaning would be lost or changed if paraphrased or summarized (http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/QPA_plagiarism.html)

  8. What about common knowledge? • no cut and dry boundaries but some guidelines: • It should be uncited/unreferenced in at least 5 sources (OWL Purdue) • It should be common to many people (ubiquitous information) (Cal State U) • It comes from a common reference source (non-specialist dictionary or encyclopedia)

  9. Common knowledge con’t • at best it’s a loose rule • arguable and dangerous • good rule of thumb - if your classmates don’t know about it, then reference it. • when in doubt, reference!

  10. Websites for more info • http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/how_avoid_direct.htm# • http://www.uta.fi/FAST/PK6/REF/commknow.html • http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/QPA_plagiarism.html • http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/01/

  11. Summary main ideas, no details own words no interpretation needs a reference Paraphrasing parts of a text, including details own words no interpretation needs a reference Recapitulation 1/2

  12. Quoting word-for-word short quote needs “” long quote needs block citation style reasons for using it are mainly to add strength and support to your argument Needs a reference including a page number Common knowledge loose concept quantity and commonness of concept key when in doubt, reference! Recapitulation 2/2

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