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Social Cognition

Social Cognition. The way we attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the world around us First impressions. Groups Influences. Social Facilitation Social Loafing Group polarization Group Think. Attributions. What is the cause? Internal attributions

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Social Cognition

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  1. Social Cognition • The way we attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the world around us • First impressions

  2. Groups Influences Social Facilitation Social Loafing Group polarization Group Think

  3. Attributions • What is the cause? • Internal attributions • External attributions • Theory of causal attribution • Consensus • Consistency • Distinctiveness

  4. Attributions • Prone to error • Taking shortcuts: • Attributional biases • Fundamental attribution error • Self-serving bias • Actor-Observer Bias • Belief in a just world

  5. Cognitive Dissonance • The unpleasant state that occurs when attitudes don't match behaviors • Responses

  6. Attitudes and Behavior • Attitude change • Persuasion • Mere exposure effect • Obstacles to persuasion

  7. Relationships • Liking • Repeated contact • Similarity • Physical attraction • Proximity • Mere exposure

  8. Relationships • Loving • Passionate love • Compassionate love • Triangular model of love • Passion • Intimacy • Decision/commitment

  9. Social Organization • Deindividuation • Norms • Conformity • Asch’s Study • Compliance • Obedience • Milgram • Aggression • Helping behavior • Altruism • Prosocial Behavior • Bystander Effect

  10. Conformity by Group Size

  11. Follow Up Studies Later, Asch measured the effect of having at least one confederate dissent & give the correct answer

  12. Foot in the Door • Start with a small request • Follow up with a large one % complying with large request

  13. Door in the Face • Start with a large request. • Follow up with a small one. % complying with small request

  14. Low-Ball • Make an attractive initial offer • After getting a commitment, make the terms less good

  15. Milgram’s Results

  16. Aggression Correlation in twins:

  17. Bystander Effect (Data from Darley & Latane, 1968)

  18. Bystander Effect (Data from Darley & Latane, 1968)

  19. Stereotypes • Why prejudice? • Realistic conflict theory • Robber’s Cave study • Social learning theory • Social Cognition theory • Us vs Them • Changing prejudice • Contact Hypothesis • Recategorization

  20. Realistic Conflict Theory Scarce Resources Competition between groups Prejudice

  21. Personal Space

  22. Design and Crowding A stressful dorm design

  23. Design and Crowding A non-stressful dorm design

  24. Street Design Crowded feeling neighborhood

  25. Street Design Open feeling neighborhood

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