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Stress

Stress. Babatunde Idowu Ogundipe M.D. M.P.H. Washington DC VA Medical Center. Stress: Definition. There are several definitions (here are 3): (1) Brains response to any demand. (2) State of disharmony, or threatened homeostasis.

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Stress

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  1. Stress BabatundeIdowuOgundipe M.D. M.P.H. Washington DC VA Medical Center

  2. Stress: Definition • There are several definitions (here are 3): • (1) Brains response to any demand. • (2) State of disharmony, or threatened homeostasis. • This comes from fact that living organisms survive by maintaining immensely complex dynamic and harmonious equilibrium(homeostasis), that is constantly challenged or threatened by intrinsic or extrinsic disturbing forces or stressors. • (3) The mutual actions of forces that take place across any section of the body. Hans Selye. thestressdefinition.com

  3. Physical and Behavioral Changes Associated with Stress • Behavioral Changes: • Acute facilitation of adaptive and inhibition of nonadaptive neural pathways. • Increased arousal , alertness. • Increased cognition, vigilance, and focused attention. • Suppression of feeding behavior. • Suppression of reproductive behavior. • Containment of the stress response.

  4. Physical and Behavioral Changes Associated with Stress • Physical Changes: • Adaptive redirection of energy. • Oxygen and nutrients directed to the central nervous system and stressed body site(s). • Altered cardiovascular tone, increased blood pressure and heart rate. • Increased respiratory rate. • Increased gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. • Detoxification from toxic products. • Inhibition of growth and reproductive systems. • Containment of the stress response. • Containment of the inflammatory/immune response.

  5. fashion-res.com

  6. Physiology/pathophysiology Stress Response • We explain the Stress response with The General Adaptation Response. • It contains 2 principal components: • (1) The Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). • (2)The locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE)/autonomic (sympathetic) nervous systems. yang-sheng.com

  7. thjuland.net

  8. Disorders Associated With Dysregulation of the Stress System: Increased Stress System Activity Decreased Stress System Activity Atypical depression Cushing’s syndrome Seasonal depression Chronic fatigue syndrome Hypothyroidism Obesity(hyposerotonergic forms) Posttraumatic stress disorder Nicotine withdrawal Vulnerability to Inflammatory disease (Lewis rat) • Anorexia Nervosa • Melancholic Depression • Panic Disorder • Obsessive-compulsive disorder • Chronic active alcoholism • Alcohol & Narcotic withdrawal • Chronic excessive exercise • Malnutrition • Hyperthyroidism • Premenstrual tension syndrome • Vulnerability to addiction (rats)

  9. endotext.org

  10. medscape.org

  11. Stress and our Overall Health • Sources of stress include: • (1) Routine Stress. • (2) Sudden negative change. • (3) Traumatic Stress • The body responds to each type of stress in similar ways but different people may feel it in different ways. trivalleypsychotherapy.com

  12. Stress Management

  13. thecanadianencyclopedia.com

  14. References • Chrousos, G. Gold, P.W. The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders. Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis. (1992) JAMA. March 4; vol 267. No.9: 1244-1252. • www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress/stress_factsheet_ln.pdf • Mind/Body Health: Stress - American Psychological Association. Available at www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx.

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