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Seasonal Changes in Skin Texture and Filaggrin Degradation Products

This study investigates how seasonal variations impact filaggrin degradation products and corneocyte surface texture on the skin. Results show differences in Natural Moisturizing Factors and Dermal Texture Index between winter and summer, influenced by UV exposure, age, and sex.

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Seasonal Changes in Skin Texture and Filaggrin Degradation Products

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  1. Changes in filaggrin degradation products and corneocyte surface texture by season K.A. Engebretsen1,2, S. Kezic3, C. Riethmüller4, J. Franz4,5, I. Jakasa6, A. Hedengran7, A. Linneberg8,9,10, J.D. Johansen1,2, J.P. Thyssen1,2 1National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark 2Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark 3Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Serend-ip GmbH, Centre for Nanotechnology, Münster, Heidelberg, Germany 5Theoretical Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany 6Laboratory for analytical chemistry, Department of chemistry and biochemistry, Faculty of food technology and biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 7Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark 8Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, The Capital Region, Denmark 9Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark 10Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark British Journal of Dermatology. DOI: 10.111/bjd.16150

  2. Introduction (1) What’s already known? • Low temperature and humidity, as well as high-dose ultraviolet B irradiation, impair the skin barrier and cause xerosis. • Skin on the cheeks and dorsal aspects of the hands have altered skin barrier function compared to other sites due to different skin composition and likely changing exposure to climatic conditions.

  3. Introduction (2) • Epidermis with decreased levels of filaggrin degradation products contain corneocytes with increased numbers of nano sized protrusions.

  4. Methods (1) Study population • 80 (40 males and 40 females) healthy volunteers, 40 aged 18 ≤ 40 years and 40 aged ≥70 years, were tape stripped on the cheek and on the dorsal aspect of the hand during the winter (January-February) and the summer (June-August).

  5. Methods (2) Assessment of potential confounders • Participants were asked about use of cream and shower/bath the same day at both samplings • In the winter the lowest temperature during the day of the sampling was recorded • In the summer the participants were asked about recent sun exposure and use of sunscreen

  6. Methods 3 Figure 1. Equipment used for tape stripping

  7. Methods 4 Fig 2. Analysis of corneocyte surface structure (DTI) .

  8. Methods (5) Determination of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) • The NMF components histidine, PCA and UCA (trans- and cis-isomers) were determined by the use of HPLC. • The total amount of protein on each tape strip was measured and the NMF levels were expressed as mmol/g protein.

  9. Methods (6) Corneocyte surface structure (DTI) • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate corneocyte surface structure. The number of corneocyte surface protrusions can be expressed as Dermal Texture Index (DTI) • Analysed for 10 participants in the young age group and 10 participants in the old age group (female/male ratio = 1:1)

  10. Results (1) Seasonal changes • NMF • Lower on the cheek during the winter compared to the summer • Higher on the hand during the winter compared to the summer • DTI • Higher on the cheek and hand during the winter compared to the summer

  11. Figure 3. Dermal Texture Index (DTI) according to anatomical location and season

  12. Results (2) UV exposure • High self-reported UV-exposure during the summer was associated to a significantly higher DTI on the cheek

  13. Results (3) Age and sex • Old participants had higher NMF levels on the cheek than young participants during the winter and summer • Female participants had higher levels of filaggrin degradation products and a decreased number of corneocyte surface protrusions on the hands compared to male participants

  14. Discussion (1) What does this study add? • In normal adult skin, the levels of filaggrin degradation products and number of corneocyte surface protrusions changed between winter and summer on cheek and hand skin, suggesting an influence of climatic factors on a biochemical and ultrastructural level.

  15. Discussion (2) • High self-reported UV-exposure increased the number of corneocyte surface protrusions.

  16. Conclusions • Our findings help explain why many people experience seasonal variations of dermatitis or senile xerosis.

  17. Call for correspondence • Why not join the debate on this article through our correspondence section? • Rapid responses should not exceed 350 words, four references and one figure • Further details can be found here

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