The Industrial Revolution 1700-1900:

1. The Industrial Revolution 1700-1900:

2. The BIG Picture: • The Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment led people to develop new ways of doing things. Among these new ways were processes& machines for raising crops, making cloth, and other jobs. These developments led to dramatic changes in industry & the world of work. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain

3. Why Great Britain? • Exploration & Colonialism: Great Britain was “the empire of the world” and practiced Mercantilism. • Sea power: Great Britain had the largest and most powerful navy and fleet of ships in the world.

4. Political Stability: Great Britain was at peace within their own borders. Government support: Parliament passes laws that help businesses become more competitive over other countries.

5. Growth of private investment: Private companies help fund research and development. Agricultural factors: joining of farms and fencing them in “enclosure movement”

6. Jethro Tull: Wealthy English farmer who invented the seed drill which made planting grain more efficient.

7. Factors of Production all in hand for Great Britain: • Land: coal to burn, streams and rivers, waterways to transport raw materials. • Labor: A growing population with the appetite to work. • Capital: the money to expand factories and invent “capital goods”.

8. Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin in 1793

9. James Hargreaves: A weaver who invented the “Spinning Jenny”

10. Richard Arkwright: invented a spinning frame to create thinner thread.

11. John Kay: patented the “flying shuttle” doubled the speed that a weaver could do the job • ……because his invention put many workers out of a job he was attacked and fled to France where he died in poverty.

12. Edmund Cartwright: 1785 patented the “power loom” which was faster than the “flying shuttle”.

13. Speed of production led away from the “cottage system” of producing and “factories” were built. Ex: 1770 50,000 bolts of cloth were produced, 1800 400,000 bolts produced.

14. James Watt 1712 invented the steam engine

15. Richard Trevithick 1802 used the steam engine to power the first locomotive

16. Robert Fulton 1807 used the steam engine in the first steamship Clermont

17. Industry comes to America in 1789 when Samuel Slater disguised himself as a farm worker and brought detailed knowledge of Richard Arkwright’s spinning frame to a Rhode Island mill in Pawtucket.

18. Francis Cabot Lowell built the first “all in one” mill in Lowell, Massachusetts which brought raw cotton to finished cloth within the same factory employing 10,000 workers.

19. Working in a factory was dangerous work but children faced special hazards due to their size and lower wages for their labor. 12 hour days were common and poor working conditions were common ( page 642)

20. Factories changed towns to become crowed and unsanitary. The mortality rate of children became six out of 10 children would die before the age of 5.

21. The factory system also created a new class system: • Wealthy business people owned and invested in the factories • Mid-level skilled employees ran the factories • Low level unskilled employees ran the machines.

22. 1811 the Cottage workers called “Luddites” in masks burned down a factory in Nottingham England to protest the hardships placed on the cottage industry. 1812 the movement ended as the Luddites would be caught and hanged.

23. Due to poor working conditions and lack of government regulation the workers began to organize themselves into Labor Unions to urge employers to raise wages and improve working conditions with a threat of a strike.

24. The Middle Class developed out of the industrial revolution and closed the gap between the rich and the poor.

25. As factories developed and grew in size Mass Production- manufacturing large amounts of identical items became the “American system “ way of doing business. To increase the efficiency of mass production the use of interchangeable parts was also used on the Assembly line.

26. The more items that you can produce the more profit the business owner can achieve and pay their workers a higher wage.

27. Welcome to Capitalism!