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Cell Structure & Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

This chapter explores the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topics include cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lysosomes, plant cells, cell wall, and chloroplasts.

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Cell Structure & Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. CELLS

  2. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CHAPTER 7

  3. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  4. Has a nucleus • Has organelles • Has internal membranes Eukaryotic cell

  5. BACTERIA • No nuclear membrane • No membrane bound organelles • Cell wall • Single loop of DNA Prokaryotic cell

  6. CELL MEMBRANE Controls what enters and leaves cell •

  7. CELL MEMBRANE BILAYER (two layers) • Made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS

  8. MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS POLAR HEAD- “ hydrophillic ” 2 NON-POLAR TAILS- “hydrophobic”

  9. MEMBRANE PROTEINS • Some proteins go all the way through & touch both sides • Other proteins- are only on one side of membrane

  10. CYTOPLASM goo gel-like ORGANELLES- small structures that do a job

  11. NUCLEUS • Control center of cell • Contains genetic material (DNA)

  12. NUCLEUS • Surrounded by NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Dark spot on nucleus = NUCLEOLUS (makes ribosomes )

  13. MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA) • “Powerhouse of cell” • Burns glucose to make energy • Stores energy as ATP

  14. RIBOSOMES • Make proteins • Made of proteins and RNA •Can be attached to ER or free in cytoplasm • Unlike other organelles, it has no membrane around it.

  15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) “Intracellular highway”

  16. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has RIBOSOMES attached • Transports molecules to other parts of cell

  17. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has NO ribosomes attached • Makes steroids, regulates calcium, destroys toxic substances

  18. GOLGI BODY (APPARATUS) • Pancake like membrane stacks • Packages proteins for transport to their proper location

  19. LYSOSOMES • Membrane bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes • digest worn out cell parts, food, invading bacteria and viruses

  20. PLANT CELLS • Cell wall • Chloroplasts • Bigger vacuoles • No centrioles

  21. CELL WALL Supports and protects cell Outside of cell membrane Made of different molecules than bacteria cell wall

  22. CHLOROPLASTS • Surrounded by double membrane • Thylakoid stacks contain enzymes for photosynthesis • Contain own DNA

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