The Jeffersonian Presidency

1. The Jeffersonian Presidency

2. Thomas Jefferson John Adams The Election of 1800

3. The Election of 1800 • Issues: • The Alien and Sedition Acts • Hamilton’s financial system • “character issues”

4. Results: Tie between TJ and Burr No winner in the Electoral College Multiple ballots in the House Role of Hamilton Persuades Federalists in NY to abstain Gives TJ enough States to win House vote The Election of 1800

5. “The Revolution of 1800” Democrat-Republican victory First peaceful transition of power from one party to the other in history Beginning of the end for the Federalist Party

6. The Moderation of Thomas Jefferson Kept most of the Hamiltonian system Kept the tariff and the Bank of the United States Dropped only the tax on whiskey

7. STRICT V. LOOSEINTERPRETATIONOF THE CONSTITUTION STRICT-- The federal government has only the powers stated in the Constitution LOOSE-- The federal government is permitted the power to do anything that is not expressly forbidden by the Constitution.

8. TJ vs. the Supreme Court • Role of Chief Justice John Marshall • Last Federalist in power • Use of strong federal power • “Loose” interpretation of the Constitution • Drama Alert: he and Jefferson are 2nd cousins

9. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury promised a Justice of the Peace position in Vermont (one of Adams’ “midnight appointments”) Jefferson instructs new Secretary of State Madison not to deliver it.

10. Judicial Review Marshall rules in favor of Marbury First use of “judicial review” (the ability of the Courts to rule on acts of the President or of Congress) Expansion of federal power

11. The Louisiana Purchase

12. The Louisiana Purchase Original mission: Purchase of New Orleans and West Florida for $10m Napoleon’s offer Louisiana Territory for $15m (3 cents an acre)

13. Constitutional issues: No authority in Con. To purchase land Negotiations done in secret Accusations by Feds of hypocrisy TJ’s response: Proposed Constitutional amendment DRs ignore it and buy the land The Louisiana Purchase

14. Impact of the Louisiana Purchase Doubled size of the Republic Gained access to the Mississippi River Ended (hopefully) possibility of re-invasion by Britain

15. Lewis and Clark Purposes: To explore and map new territories To contact the various tribes Scientific survey Lewis Clark

16. The Corps of Discovery Made up of former Army Regulars

17. Lewis and Clark • Role of Sacagawea Impact: size of country established treaties signed with tribes new species discovered led to westward expansion

18. The “Mosquito Fleet” • Create a fleet of smaller gunboats • Rationale: • Less costly • Prevents possible tyranny Long Term Impact: less able to defend US against the British

19. Jefferson vs. Charles Pinckney Decline of the Federalist Party: Less able to attract Western voters Too elitist Geographically locked in with New England Older generation Election of 1804

20. Renewed Problems with Britain (AGAIN!) Renewed impressment of American sailors British harassment of US trade Conflicts with Indians in the West The “Chesapeake-Leopard Incident”-- Br. Ship the Leopard attacked and boarded the U.S. ship the Chesapeake

21. The Embargo Act of 1807 • Total ban on trade with all countries • No support for either France or Britain

22. Reaction to the Embargo Act • Smuggling and piracy • TJ unpopular Repeal by Congress (Feb. 1807)

23. Positive LA Purchase Lewis and Clark Increased democratization Moderation in governing Negative “mosquito fleet” Embargo Act Jefferson’s Legacy