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TYPICAL FIELD INSTRUMENTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANTS

TYPICAL FIELD INSTRUMENTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANTS. Dr. Sakari Halmemies 28 May 2009. Three main levels of evaluation of soil pollution. Screening f.ex. colorimetric method Photoionization Detector ( PID) Field investigation f.ex. field gas chromatography (GC) Laboratory analysis

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TYPICAL FIELD INSTRUMENTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANTS

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  1. TYPICAL FIELD INSTRUMENTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANTS Dr. Sakari Halmemies 28 May 2009

  2. Three main levels of evaluation of soil pollution • Screening • f.ex. colorimetric method • Photoionization Detector (PID) • Field investigation • f.ex. field gas chromatography (GC) • Laboratory analysis • f.ex. gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

  3. If sample is taken, a regular sampling network is needed grey areas are polluted http://www.rickly.com/sai/images/WHEATONB.JPG

  4. Colorimetric/turbidimetric testing Photo/flame ionization detector Infra red spectroscopy Gas chromatography X-Ray Fluorescence Available field analytic technologies soil contaminants http://www.brickhouse-environmental.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/Nosnesky_Field_Analysis.JPG

  5. Colorimetric/turbidimetric methods Screening Methodhttp://www.clu-in.org/char/technologies/color.cfm • EPA has published colorimetric/turbidimetric methods for the following contaminants:

  6. Colorimetric/turbidimetric methods Screening Method The Hanby Field Test Kit Range: 0-1000 ppm Time: less than 5 min/sample TPH soil test kit - TPH water test kit - Hydrocarbon soil test kit - Hydrocarbon water test kit www.clu-in.org/char/technologies/images/hanby.gif

  7. Soil gas sampling with Photo/flame ionization detector (PID/FID) • Soil gas monitoring provides a quick means of waste site evaluation. • Using this method, underground contamination can be identified, and the source, extent, and movement of the pollutants can be traced. • Detailed data: http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/sops/wmsr2042.pdf

  8. PID screening can be used to choose samples for GC Range: 0-2000 ppm Time: about 5 sec/sample http://www.hnu.com/images/dl101field_color_lowres.jpg

  9. Infra red spectroscopyScreening Method • Near-infrared reflectance spectrometry (NIRS) could be used to predict total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in contaminated soil. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a727073631~db=all~order=page • Near infrared fiber-optic chemical sensor system using reflectance spectroscopic measurements has been assembled. • This system was evaluated and found attractive for remote detection of organics in soils over distances of at least 30 meters http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=363367

  10. Field portable FTIR and NIR analyzers http://www.samwoosc.co.kr/img/asdi.com/AgriSpec_Leafclip_11-04.jpg http://www.choosetech.com.cn/images/A2%20Technology%20product.png

  11. Gas Chromatography Field AnalysisField analysis • Typical features for field GC-analysis • detectors (PID, FID, ECD, TCD, FPD, FUV) • temperature programming • Detector Characteristics • PID: Organic; inorg.; selective; range: 2 ppb to ppm • FID: Organic; selective; range: 100 ppb to ppm • ECD: Halogenated, nitro; selective; range: 0,1 ppb to 100 ppb • TCD: Organic, fixed gases; Universal; range: 200 ppm to % • FPD: S or P; selective; ppb to ppm • Far-UV: Organic, fixed gases; nearly; range: sub ppm to % http://dsscience.com/upload_goods/311-D%20Portable%20GC_catalogue.pdf

  12. Gas Chromatography Field Analysis Range: from %- to ppb-levels Time: 5-10 min/sample http://dsscience.com/upload_goods/311-D%20Portable%20GC_catalogue.pdf

  13. XRF for fast elemental analysisScreening Method or Field analysis • Field portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) techniques provide viable and effective analytical approaches to meet on-site analysis needs for many types of environmental samples • Applications include the in situ analysis of metals in soils and sediments • More detailed data: • Dennis J. Kalnickya and Raj Singhvi:Field portable XRF analysis of environmental samples

  14. XRF for fast elemental analysis Range:from a 100% to few parts per million (ppm) Time: from seconds to minutes http://www.edie.net/products/images/2347.jpg

  15. Laboratory analysis (GC/MS) best result http://toxics.usgs.gov/photo_gallery/photos/pesticides/AnalyticalMethods/AM_GC_MS_lg.jpg

  16. Sources • Technologies Characterization and Monitoring http://www.clu-in.org/characterization/ • Dennis J. Kalnickya and Raj Singhvi: Field portable XRF analysis of environmental samples http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-42M1DXK-9&_user=4246040&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000062624&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4246040&md5=9acda258927c7ba907e2b9bde31dccda

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