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Rwanda

Rwanda. Stages of Genocide. Stage 1 - Classification. Distinguish between “us” / “them” Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups Defined by father Children are ethnicity of their father Divisions of ethnic groups  Belgians put Tutsi in charge ( colonial rule). Stage 2 - Symbolization.

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Rwanda

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  1. Rwanda Stages of Genocide

  2. Stage 1 - Classification • Distinguish between “us” / “them” • Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups • Defined by father • Children are ethnicity of their father • Divisions of ethnic groups  Belgians put Tutsi in charge (colonial rule) Stage 2 - Symbolization • Id cards in Rwanda included ethnicity • Certain Traits considered Tutsi: • Tall, light skinned, “Elegant”, Nose measure (longer, thinner nose), Owns more cows (old - sign of wealth)

  3. Stage 3 - Dehumanization • Hate radio controlled by Hutus • Called Tutsis “cockroaches”, “snakes”, “devils” • Bodies mutilated Stage 4 - Organization • Interahamew • Rwandan militia • Trained by Rwandan military for mass murder • Led by Hutus • Received arms from the government • 1990-1994 Rwanda 3rd largest arms importer in Af

  4. Stage 5 - Polarization • Either with us or against us attitude • Moderate Hutus (“traitors”): • Assassinated during genocide • Prime Minister • UN refused to offer protection to moderates Stage 6 – Preparation • Extreme Hutu militias began kill in early 1990’s • 500 Tutsis murdered in Kinigi in 1991 • Hate Radio Broadcasts • Calling for extermination

  5. Stage 7 – Extermination • Begins April 6, 1994 • Hours after plane crash of president • Killing with machete • Road blocks set-up to check ID cards Stage 8 - Denial • Top Government Officials • Denial in ICT • Denial in Rwandan Courts and Jails • Despite massive amounts of evidence

  6. Accountability • More than 400 Trials • All sentenced to death • Only 26 executed • 120,000 in Rwandan Jails awaiting trial

  7. Today • Government promoting • Cultural unity / education • Basic services • Economic development • 2006 No supermarkets, atms and expensive cell phones • 2011 Dozens • Part of effort to overcome Genocide ideology

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