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Morphology

Morphology. Class # 8 Chapter 3. Review. The study of construction of words is called…. The smallest linguistic unit that has meaning or grammatical function is called… Suffixes, Prefixes, Circumfixes and Infixes are called …. Word Formation Processes. Compounding Clipping Acronyms

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Morphology

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  1. Morphology Class # 8 Chapter 3

  2. Review • The study of construction of words is called…. • The smallest linguistic unit that has meaning or grammatical function is called… • Suffixes, Prefixes, Circumfixes and Infixes are called ….

  3. Word Formation Processes • Compounding • Clipping • Acronyms • Inventions from Names • Blending • Borrowing • Derivation • Inflection

  4. Derivation x Inflection • Unhappy, unbelievable, replacement • Sailed, shortest, waits, boys

  5. Derivation x Inflection • INFLECTION: • bound morphemes that have a strictly grammatical function • tense, number, gender, case • inflection morphemes: create new forms of the same word (whereas derivational morphemes create new words from old ones)

  6. English Inflectional Morphemes • -s (third person singular present) • -ed (past tense) • -ing (progressive) • -en (past participle) • -s (plural) • -’s (possessive) • -er (comparative) • -est (superlative)

  7. Suppletion • Instead of a suffix, the whole word changes (e.g., • Child – children • Go – went

  8. Exercise: Word Formation • humid  humidifier • information, entertainment  infotainment • love, seat  loveseat • typographical error  typo • aerobics, marathon  aerobathon • act  deactivate • curve, ball  curve ball

  9. Exercise: Word Formation • metahmphetamine meth • random access memory  RAM • Federal Express  FedEx • influenza  flu • pretty  prettier

  10. Allomorphs • Variants of the same morpheme (the meaning doesn’t change) • E.g., English (in-): in-capable, il-logical, im-probable, ir-reverent

  11. Example - Turkish a) lokanta “a restaurant” lokantada “in/at a restaurant” b) kapi “a door” kapida “in/at a door” c) randevu “an appointment” randevuda “in/at an appointment” d) kitap “a book” kitapta “in/at a book” e) koltuk “an armchair” koltukta “in/at an armchair” f) taraf “a side” tarafta “in/at a side” g) baš “a head” bašta “in/at a head”

  12. Tree Structure

  13. Quiz (next class) • Word Formation Processes • Inflection x Derivation • Other languages • Tree structure • Homework: handout + test your morphology knowledge

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