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Multibeam Bathymetric and Backscatter Products for Benthic Habitat Mapping

Multibeam Bathymetric and Backscatter Products for Benthic Habitat Mapping. There’s No Silver Bullet Joyce Miller Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division UH – Joint Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Reseach Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center.

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Multibeam Bathymetric and Backscatter Products for Benthic Habitat Mapping

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  1. Multibeam Bathymetric and Backscatter Products for Benthic Habitat Mapping There’s No Silver Bullet Joyce Miller Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division UH – Joint Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Reseach Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center NOAA Fisheries Benthic Habitat Mapping Conference – Seattle WA – Aug. 29-31, 2006

  2. Produce comprehensive digital maps of all shallow (<30m) coral reef ecosystems in the United States and characterize priority moderate-depth reef systems by 2009. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Goal

  3. Pacific Moderate Depth Mapping R/V AHI NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai 300 kHz EM3002D 150 m range 250-500 “soundings” 30 kHz EM300 5000 m range 135 beams 240 kHz Reson 8101ER 250 m range 101 beams

  4. Multibeam Coverage Since 2001 NWHI (2002/KM) 38,367 km2 NWHI (2003-2006) 2,821 km2 MHI (2005-2006) 2,505 km2 CNMI/Guam (2003) 244 km2 Am. Samoa (2004-2006) 1,385 km2 PRIAs(2006)3,793 km2 Total 49,115 km2 (14,319 nm2)

  5. French Frigate Shoals Penguin Bank Saipan U.S. Pacific Islands: Vast and Remote (18) * * * Wake Island (24) (6) Monitoring & Mapping ~55 Island/Atoll Ecosystems

  6. French Frigate Shoals, NWHI EM120 & EM1002 Multibeam Estimated Depths from IKONOS Satellite Imagery EM3002D & Reson 8101ER Multibeam

  7. French Frigate Shoals, NWHI, Bank top bathymetry 2 m grid cell size Fledermaus Image (next slide)

  8. What are we looking for? Fledermaus Image 10 m coral pinnacles 0.5 m sand waves 0.1-0.2 m roughness Complex morphology at edge of bank 2-m grid of coral-rich bank top in 20-45 m water depths – French Frigate Shoals, NWHI

  9. 5x Slope & Complexity Complexity is derived by taking a slope of a 5x exaggerated slope (2nd derivative). A GIS Recipe for Determining Benthic Complexity: Jeff Ardron, Marine Geography, 2002.

  10. Grid Size for Products When creating derivative products, what size grid cell should be used?

  11. Rugosity Rugosity was derived using rugosity builder application developed by Jeff Jenness for NOAA’s Benthic Terrain Modeler.

  12. Complexity and Rugosity Similar Results

  13. R/V AHI Reson 8101 240-kHz backscatter Backscatter from EM3002D (300 kHz) & Reson 8101 (240 kHZ)

  14. At FFS complexity and backscatter are both very informative, but in different ways Backscatter 2 m Complexity In mixed sediment and hard bottom areas, backscatter variations are more informative. 2 m Rugosity

  15. At FFS complexity and backscatter are very informative, but in different ways In hard coral and pavement areas, complexity and/or rugosity reveal subtle differences that backscatter does not show. Backscatter 2 m Complexity 2 m Rugosity

  16. Saipan Garapan Anchorage, CNMI

  17. Saipan Depth and 5x Slope

  18. Saipan Complexity and BathymetricPosition Index (Feature Classification) NOAA’s Benthic Terraine Modeler BPI Lundblad et al, 2006, A benthic terrain classification scheme for American Samoa, Marine Geodesy, 29(2): 89-111.

  19. Saipan Backscatter: Lessons Learned • Run straight lines. • Minimize boat motion – yaw • Limit speed to 7 kts. • As at FFS, coral rich areas surrounded by hard bottom have similar backscatter signatures that are not easily differentiated. • Sandy areas show up well. BPI Backscatter

  20. Main Hawaiian Islands

  21. Penguin Bank Bathymetryand Bathymetry Derivatives Depth 5x Slope Rugosity Complexity

  22. Penguin Bank Backscatter

  23. Uses of Derived Productsfor Ecosystem-Based Management With 22% of habitat still unmapped, there was a 56% correlation of whale sightings with slopes of less than 5% and a 67% correlation with low rugosity.

  24. An Empirical Approach to Mapping the Distribution of Seafloor Geologic and Biologic Characteristics Offshore San Pedro, Southern California, Dartnell et al., Ocean Sciences, Feb. 2006, Honolulu. AVO Analysis Of Multibeam Backscatter, An Example From Little Bay, NH And Skjalfandi Ba, Iceland, Fonseca, et al., Ocean Sciences, Feb. 2004, Honolulu. Seafloor Texture Analysis of Saipan Anchorage Bathymetry using Local Fourier Histogram (LFH) Texture Features, G. R. Cutter Jr., October 2004 Techniques Under Investigation

  25. For Information Websites:http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/PIBHMC http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred For information contact:Joyce.Miller@noaa.gov John.Rooney@noaa.gov

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