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APUSH Labor Union Review

APUSH Labor Union Review. Labor Union Organizations. Shoemakers in PA (1790’s) Mechanics Union (1820’s) Molly Maguire's in PA (1860’s) Freemasons (1700’s). Knights of Labor (1869). Org. 9 tailors in PA Secret society Uriah S. Stephens Gained influence during Great RR Strike 1877

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APUSH Labor Union Review

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  1. APUSH Labor Union Review

  2. Labor Union Organizations • Shoemakers in PA (1790’s) • Mechanics Union (1820’s) • Molly Maguire's in PA (1860’s) • Freemasons (1700’s)

  3. Knights of Labor (1869) • Org. 9 tailors in PA • Secret society • Uriah S. Stephens • Gained influence during Great RR Strike 1877 • 1880’s dropped secrecy & became public • Terrence Powderly—new leader of KOL • Included everyone w/ a job—except bankers, lawyers, gamblers & liquor producers

  4. Aims of the KOL • An eight-hour work day • Termination of child labor • Termination of the convict contract labor system (the concern was not for the prisoners; the Knights opposed competition from this cheap source of labor) • Establishment of cooperatives to replace the traditional wage system and help tame capitalism's excesses • Equal pay for equal work • Government ownership of telegraph facilities and the railroads • A public land policy designed to aid settlers and not speculators • A graduated income tax.

  5. Influence of KOL • Main strategy—strikes • Successful in Union Pacific strike (1884) & Wabash RR Strike (1885) • Membership rose to over 700,000 in 1880’s • Haymarket Square Riot (1886) • KOL implicated • “union” = “anarchism” • Membership declines to 100,000 • Too large, too many differing ideologies (some radical)

  6. American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886 • Rise of AFL • Led by Samuel Gompers • Rejected Radical Unionization • Promoted union for skilled laborers • Used collective bargaining & strikes as last resorts • Wanted much of the same as KOL • Focused on higher wages, better workplace environ, & shortened work week • Left out minorities and unskilled laborers

  7. Minorities & Labor Unions • African Americans • Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Women • Women’s Trade Union League • International Ladies Garment Workers Union (after Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire-1911)

  8. Success of AFL • AFL becomes the largest and most powerful union in late 1800’s early 1900’s • Combating the ideology of “union” = “anarchism” • Most strikes are unsuccessful—put down by police, state or national guard

  9. Radical Labor Organizations • Wobblies—International Workers of the World • Big Bill Haywood • Socialists

  10. WWI • Labor Unions benefit from WWI • Fed. Gov’t regulates unions—promise to keep union demands—pay, hours, workplace conditions, end of child labor in return for not striking • Women & AA also receive benefits • End of WWI—return to labor problems

  11. Roaring 20’s • Labor unions are hurt due to assembly line (unskilled laborers) • Open shops—refused to give work to members of a union • “welfare capitalism”—internal workplace unions • Booming economy • “Bull” market • Rampant immigration

  12. Great Depression & Unions • FDR favors Unions • New Deal Legislation • NIRA “blanket code”=unconstitutional—”sick chicken” • NRA—creation of National Labor Board—employers must negotiate with legitimate unions • CIO (Committee of Industrial Organization) • Makes unions industry specific • United Auto Workers • SWOC

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