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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Fermentation Recall

Explore the process of cellular respiration without oxygen, including fermentation types, energy production, and examples of anaerobic organisms. Learn about alcohol and lactic acid fermentation, their steps, and their importance in food production.

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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Fermentation Recall

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  1. ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION:FERMENTATION

  2. RECALL: • Cellular Respiration: the process of using glucose to make energy (ATP) for the cell. • Aerobic Cellular Respiration (Requires Oxygen), 2 steps On average 30 ATP Glycolysis Oxidative Respiration Location Mitochondria Cytosol Reactant(s) Pyruvate + Oxygen Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water Pyruvate Products Energy 28 ATP 2 ATP

  3. Aerobic Cellular Respiration (requires oxygen) enzymes 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O oxygen glucose carbon dioxide water ENERGY transfer between enzymes, other molecules ADP + Pi ATP

  4. WHAT IF THERE’S NO OXYGEN? • Some organisms can survive with little or no oxygen in their environments! • For example, microorganisms in • The bottom of a swamp • Sewage treatment plants • Pickling food jars • Contaminated canned goods • The human gut • And many more!!! Gangrene – death of tissue due to a bacterial infection or circulatory problems.

  5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION WITHOUT OXYGEN Glucose 2 ATP Cytosol • ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION • “Anaerobic:” – without oxygen • FERMENTATION • One of the types of anaerobic cellular respiration • Glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis as usual • 2 Pyruvate and 2 ATP molecules are made • Pyruvate cannot undergo oxidative respiration because it requires oxygen. • The pyruvate molecule is broken down by a fermentation reaction. • Two common fermentation reactions: • Alcohol fermentation • Lactic acid fermentation 2 Pyruvate Mitochondria

  6. 1. ALCOHOL FERMENTATION • Occurs in the cytosol • Yeast – common microorganism that undergoes alcohol fermentation. • Each pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). + C2H6O Ethanol CO2 Carbon Dioxide C3H6O3 Pyruvate 2. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION • Occurs in the cytosol • Can take place in human muscle cells during vigorous exercise • Each pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. + C2H6O Ethanol CO2 Carbon Dioxide C3H6O3 Pyruvate

  7. FOOD, DRINK, AND FERMENTATION • Yeast has been used for alcohol fermentation by humans since 7000BC (for over 9000 years)! • Bread • First step is to create a “starter” which will activate yeast to start creating carbon dioxide and ethanol. • Either add baker’s yeast and flour to warm water. • Make a flour & water mixture and let it sit out. Yeast from the air will colonize the mixture. • Add other ingredients and let the dough “rise.” • Beer • Brewers mix together water and a starch source (like malted barley), add yeast, and add flavouring such as hops.

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