Grunbaum Arguments

1. Grunbaum Arguments

2. Map Coloring to Graph Coloring Part of a unit on discrete mathematics.

3. Problem 1: Suggestibility • transference, the attempt by patients to elicit approval from the analyst as though the analyst were their parent • "clothes the doctor with authority and is transformed into belief in his communications and explanations" • placebo effect of simple suggestibility.

4. Map Coloring to Graph Coloring Part of a unit on discrete mathematics.

5. Problem 2: Failure of Tally Argument • Freud's tally argument : "After all, his [the patient's] conflicts will only be successfully solved and his resistances overcome if the anticipatory ideas he is given [by the analyst] tally with what is real in him. Whatever in the doctor's conjectures is inaccurate drops out in the course of the analysis..." • (3) IF Cure, THEN Psychoanalysis.(4) NOT Psychoanalysis.____________________________________(5) NOT Cure. • The NCT could potentially be falsified if a durable cure of psychoneurosis occured in the absence of psychoanalysis. • The weakness of the tally argument is that, as Freud admits, patients are subject to suggestion (transference). Transference affects all clinical data.

6. Map Coloring to Graph Coloring Part of a unit on discrete mathematics.

7. Problem 3: Weakness of Consilience Argument • Verbal assent may be "hypocritical, • "The 'Yes' has no value unless it is followed by indirect confirmations, unless the patient, immediately after his 'Yes,' produces new memories which complete and extend the construction" (p. 262). • Verbal dissent is almost always taken as untrustworthy, an indication of something other than genuine dissent. • The problem with the consiliance argument is that assent/dissent and indirect confirmations from the couch are not independent observations--rather, they are subject to a shared influence

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9. Problem 4: Nisbett and Wilson Findings • Freud claims that patients' veridical insight causes a durable cure of psychoneurosis. Thus, the epistemic reliability of patients' intropections is of utmost importance. • Nisbett and Wilson : Introspection does not afford a person privileged epistemic access to the discernment of the causes of his (her) own mental states, as compared to the avenues available to others who observe him (her) externally.

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11. Problem 5: Problems with Breuer-Freud Argument • Cathartic treatment CAUSES Durable cure • The major problem is the possibility that another factor besides cathartic treatment causes the durable cure. • Such a possible alternative factor is the placebo effect: that the docile patient, expecting a cure from the wise doctor, is cured by that very expectation.

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13. Problem 6: Problems with Extrapolation to Slips and Dreams • Freud holds a compromise-formation model of neurotic symptoms, slips of the tongue (parapraxes), and manifest dream content. • “In dreams, just as in symptoms formation, "we find a struggle between two trends, of which one is unconscious and ordinarily repressed and strives towards satisfaction—that is, wish-fulfillment—while the other, belonging probably to the conscious ego, is disapproving and repressive. The outcome of this conflict is a compromise-formation (the dream or the symptom) in which both trends have found an incomplete expression" • Extrapolation from neurotic symptoms to slips and dreams is unwarranted by the therapeutic evidence

14. Map Coloring to Graph Coloring Part of a unit on discrete mathematics.

15. Problem 7: Problems with Establishing Causal Claims by Retrospective Testing • The method of free-associationis not a trustworthy resource for establishing causation. • A repression that emerges at the end of a chain of free associations is taken uncritically to be the original cause of the symptom that initiated that chain.

16. Map Coloring to Graph Coloring Part of a unit on discrete mathematics.