Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

1. Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

2. PRESENTATION CONTENTS • OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY • EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE • EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE • RESULTS TO DATE, TABULAR • RESULTS TO DATE, PARTIAL GRAPHICAL • CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

3. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY ~ OVERVIEW ~

4. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW • TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT • THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART • ESTABLISH A MASS EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN AGENTS BASED ON FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE • A H1301 BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED • THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS CHANGED UNTIL THE H1301 BENCHMARK IS MET OR EXCEEDED • ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE BASED ON AGENT DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS EQUIVALENT • GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE • TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE • PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS TO FIND THE LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2 ventilation conditions x 2 fire threats)

5. TEST SECTION DIMENSIONS 48 INCH OD SHELL 24 INCH OD CORE ~ 10.3 FEET LONG UP AIRFLOW FWD STA 502 IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE

6. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I ~ MASS EQUIVALENCE ~

7. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS • TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS • THE OBJECT IS TO BRACKET SYSTEM BEHAVIOR • HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) ~ 2.2 LBM/S @ 100°F • LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) ~ 1.0 LBM/S @ 260°F • H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES • AGENT IS STORED AT 100°F • AGENT DISCHARGE IS ~ 1 SECOND • H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE • H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC • DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT • MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT SEPARATES AGENT INJECTION AND THE FLAME FRONTS

8. REGION OF FLAME DURING FIRE TEST UP STA 502 STA 527 FWD 11 10 1 2 4 12 9 3 UP 12:00 7 5 LOOKING FWD DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE RIGHT 3:00 8 6 IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY

9. IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, HiVent

10. IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, LoVent

11. REGION OF FLAME DURING FIRE TEST UP STA 502 STA 527 FWD 11 10 12 4 2 1 9 3 UP 12:00 LOOKING FWD 5 DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE 7 RIGHT 3:00 8 6 IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL

12. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS • DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK • DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION • EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = “VENTILATION + FIRE THREAT” • POOL FIRE THREAT – JP8 •  150°F @ 220 IN^2 x 0.5IN DEEP • ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION • SPRAY FIRE THREAT – JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC FLUID •  150°F @ 0.25 GPM • FUEL SPRAY & ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING AGENT INJECTION • FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT INJECTION • RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST = REIGNITION TIME DELAY (RTD) • RTD = time (FIRE EXTINCTION) – time (FIRE REIGNITION) • RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE TEST • H1301 BENCHMARK = AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS = RTD_ave (H1301)

13. ELECTRICAL ARC CORE TUBE ARRAY FUEL NOZZLES UP FWD 2” TALL FLAME STABILIZATION RIB AIRFLOW STA 502  STA 512 IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE

14. UP AIRFLOW FWD STA 503 IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE

15. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS • PROCESS • SELECT CONDITIONS FROM 1 OF 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS • HiVent, JP8 SPRAY OR POOL FIRE THREAT • LoVent, LUBRICANT SPRAY OR JP8 POOL FIRE THREAT • ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK WITH 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS • FIND EQUIVALENT MASS OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE • COMPARISION BASIS : AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED TESTS • EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS : RTD_ave (H1301)  RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) • IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS • HiVent VERIFICATION – LUBRICANT & HYDRAULIC FLUID • LoVent VERIFICATION – JP8 • REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL • SUCCESS DEFINED AS : RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)  RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)

16. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II ~ CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE ~

17. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION • TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS EQUIVALENCE!!) • REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH NON-OPTIMIZED PLUMBING • SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301 BENCHMARK • CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!! • EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON : • CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA • FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR

18. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION • PROCESS • CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS WITH 3 REPEATED TESTS • COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST • TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES • CURVES ARE TYPICALLY CAPTURED TO ILLUSTRATE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY (i.e. CERTIFICATION TEST) • TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs. DURATION@CONCENTRATION • CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE TRANSFORMED CURVES • MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT FUNCTION • RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE • USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE BEST-FIT FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION

19. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – EXAMPLE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY ~ EXAMPLE ~

20. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, EXAMPLE • MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data) • EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE • H1301 BENCHMARK = RTD_ave (H1301) = 1.39 SECONDS • REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125 • EQUIVALENT MASS = 8.0 LBF HFC-125

21. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE • EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE • THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF HFC-125 • RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT • CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT • FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE : • ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE TEST) • DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE IS NOT THE REPORTED EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION • PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS CALCULATION

22. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE

23. EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATION ONLY ~ EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID ~

24. RESULTS TO DATE RESULTS TO DATE

25. RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR

26. RESULTS TO DATE – TRANSFORMED DATA, HiVent EQUIVALENTS

27. CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS SUMMARY/STATUS

28. CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS • CURRENTLY WORKING HFC-125 IN THE LoVent JP8 POOL • REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW • UPON COMPLETING HFC-125/CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT CONCLUDES