Fall Semester Review

1. Fall Semester Review Language Arts

2. Essay Writing • A paragraph has at least 5 sentences. • Ways to brainstorm: web, list, bracket • Parts of an outline: introduction, body, conclusion • Parts of a thesis sentence: topic, opinion, and reason. • Transition examples: Before, as a result, in conclusion • Every sentence begins with a capital letter… • …and ends with some kind of punctuation.

3. Outline • Outlines are used to plan for writing, improve organization. I. Introduction a. Thesis II. Body • Supporting idea, Details • Supporting idea, Details • Supporting idea, details III. Conclusion

4. Punctuating Titles • Long works (books, albums, etc.) are indicated by italics (when typed) or underlining (when writing longhand). • Remember: Only the title of the book, magazine, or newspaper, etc. is underlined or italicized. (Example: Newsweek magazine or Newsweek magazine— not Newsweek magazine or Newsweek magazine). • Quotation marks are used for shorter works, such as poems, songs, and articles. • “The Raven,” “Born in the USA,” “Chapter 1- A Face at the Window”

5. Quotation Marks and Commas • Capitalize the first word of every direct quotation. • John said, "The first thing I want to do is eat." • "William is my friend," he said, "but John is not." ("but" is not capitalized because it doesn't start a new sentence.) • "We eat at six," he said. "Late comers will not be fed." ("Late" is capitalized because it starts a new sentence.) • Place quotation marks around the entire statement, with end marks or commas inside the quotation marks.

6. Thesis Sentence • Found in the introduction, restated in the conclusion • Three parts • Topic (Idea) • Opinion • Reason

7. Transitions • Transitions are words that show time order and direction. • They help paragraphs move from one idea or step to the next. • They improve organization. • Examples: then, next, finally, likewise

8. Capitalization • Capitalize proper nouns like- • Given names • Street addresses and city names • Brands or store names • Abbreviations in names like • Jr. • Dr. • Mrs.

9. Common/ Proper Nouns • A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing or idea. Example- theater • A proper noun is a name of a specific person, place, thing or idea. Example- Palace Theater • Only proper nouns need to be capitalized, so a big clue is if the noun is capitalized.

10. 6 Traits of Writing Review • Ideas- topic and details • Organization- order and structure of writing • Word Choice- interestingwords used with meaning • Voice- personality of writer coming through • Sentence Fluency- flow and structure of sentences • Conventions- grammatical correctness of writing • Descriptive synonyms improve: word choice • Capitalization & Punctuation are: conventions

11. Grammar Elements Review • Independent Clause- a complete sentence with a subject + verb • Dependent Clause- not a complete sentence • Compound Sentence- two independent clauses with a subject + verb and subject + verb • Simple Sentence- one independent clause • Complex Sentence- one independent and one dependent clause • FANBOYS- FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO • A fragment is missing- a subject, verb, or complete thought

12. Simple/ Compound • Simple nouns or verbs stand alone • Example: The dog barked. Dog is a simple subject because it is the only subject. • Compound subject and verbs have more than one part. • Example: The dog and cat barked. Dog and cat are your compound subject. • Example: The dog barked and ran. Barked and ran is your compound verb.

13. Parts of Speech • Noun- person, place, thing, idea, quality • Pronoun- replaces noun- he, she, it, they, etc. • Verb- action/state of being of noun • Adjective- describes the noun • Adverb- describes the verb • Conjunction- links together phrases and clauses, remember FANBOYS

14. Plot Structure 1. Exposition 4. Falling Action 2. Rising Action 3. Climax 5. Resolution

15. Foreshadowing • Foreshadowing: A writing technique that gives readers clues about what will happen later in the story. • “As he pondered the morning, he reassured himself that he locked the door. Something kept telling him otherwise, but he pushed it out of his mind.” • What might this be foreshadowing?

16. Flashback • Flashback: details from an earlier point in time are revealed to the reader

17. Tangerine Elements to study… • Plot- exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution • Prologue- introduction to story • Characterization- descriptions of the characters

18. Characters • Antagonist- person opposing the main character/ protagonist • Protagonist- leading/ main character of story • Theme- message or moral of the story • Prologue- opening of story that establishes setting and gives background. Epilogue- concludes story. • Plot- events of the story • Setting – where and when the story takes place Story Elements

19. Point of View 1st person point of view- using pronouns I and me to show the narrator’s own perspective as a character in the story.

20. Point of View • In addition to 1st person point of view (which Tangerine is told in) there are: • 3rd person limited point of view- unseen narrator knows thoughts and feelings of some but not all characters. • 3rd person omniscient point of view- unseen narrator knows all thoughts and feelings of all characters.

21. Tangerine Review • Themes of Tangerine include: Importance of loyalty among friends, telling the truth even when it is difficult, __________________________ • Foreshadowing: a hint or clue in the story that helps the reader predict what might happen later. • Flashbacks: an interruption in the normal sequence of events to show something that happened in the past.

22. Walk Two Moons • Themes of Walk Two Moonsinclude: Not making assumptions about another, the mistake of prejudging, growing up as a journey, and the interconnectedness of life. • To review Folklore and Origin Stories- the Indian stories that Sal’s mother shares with her. The structure- a frame story, where multiple stories are being told within one novel.

23. To begin class… • Have your semester review (worth 5 bonus points!) and a pencil on your desk. • Your semester test is worth 15% percent of your overall grade. Take your time and think carefully about your answers. Good luck!!