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System Administration

Explore the world of storage systems administration, including RAID configurations, LVM management, and different file systems. Learn about storage devices, partitioning, RAID types, and more.

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System Administration

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  1. System Administration Storage Systems

  2. Agenda • Storage Devices • Partitioning • LVM • File Systems

  3. Storage Devices

  4. Single Disk

  5. RAID?

  6. RAID • Redundant Array of Independent Disks • Software vs. Hardware • RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6

  7. Software RAID • Parity done by CPU • FakeRAID • Linux md • LVM • ZFS, btrfs • Later

  8. Hardware RAID • RAID controller card • Dedicated hardware box

  9. Direct Attached Storage • SAS interface

  10. Storage Area Network • Fiber Channel • iSCSI • ATA-over-Ethernet

  11. Fiber Channel

  12. Network Attached Storage • NFS • CIFS (think Windows File Sharing)

  13. SAN vs. NAS

  14. Partitioning

  15. 1 File System / Disk?

  16. 2 TB maybe… 2TB x 12?

  17. 2TB x 128 then?

  18. Partitioning in Linux • fdisk • No support for GPT • Parted • GParted

  19. Fdisk

  20. Add Partition

  21. Delete Partition

  22. Save & Exit

  23. Parted

  24. Add Partition

  25. Change Units

  26. Delete Partition

  27. No need to save • Any action you do is permanent • Parted will try to update system partition table

  28. Script support • parted can also take commands from command line: • parted /dev/sdamkpartpri ext2 1Mib 10Gib

  29. Resize (Expand) • Edit partition table • Delete and create with same start position • Reload partition table • Reboot if needed • Expand filesystem

  30. Resize (Shrink) • Shrink filesystem • Slightly smaller than final • Edit partition table • Delete and create with same start position • Reload partition table • Reboot if needed • Expand filesystem to fit partition

  31. No Partition Moving

  32. Logical Volume Manager

  33. What is LVM? • A system to manage storage devices • Volume == Disk

  34. Why use LVM? • Storage pooling • Online resizing • Resize any way • Snapshots

  35. Concepts • Physical Volume • A disk or partition • Volume Group • A group of PVs • Logical Volume • A virtual disk/partition • Physical Extent • Data blocks of a PV

  36. Using a partition for LVM • Best to have a partition table • Create partition with LVM type • Fdisk: use “t” to change type to “8e” • Parted: toggle “lvm” flag • pvcreate /dev/XXX

  37. Create a volume group • vgcreate<name> /dev/XXX …

  38. Add PVs to volume groups • vgextend<name> /dev/XXX …

  39. Create a logical volume • lvcreate --name <name> --size <size> <volume group> • Size units: • B, K, M, G, T … • Path to new volume • /dev/<volume group>/<name>

  40. More about LVM • https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LVM

  41. File Systems

  42. What is a File System? • A file system (or filesystem) is an abstraction to store, retrieve and update a set of files. • Learn more in OS course

  43. Linux Disk File Systems • Ext Family • Ext2 • Ext3 • Ext4 • ReiserFS • XFS • ZFS • Btrfs

  44. Ext Family • Ext replaced MINIX file system • Ext2 was major overhaul • Ext3 adds • Journaling • Online expand • Htree directory index (was linked-list)

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