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Individual Liberty. CLASSICAL LIBERALISM Individual worth and dignity POLITICAL LIBERTY Philosophy of individual liberty leads to independence for colonists. ECONOMIC FREEDOM Capitalism evolves from classical liberalism. DILEMMAS OF EQUALITY. Legal Equality vs. Political Equality
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Individual Liberty • CLASSICAL LIBERALISM • Individual worth and dignity • POLITICAL LIBERTY • Philosophy of individual liberty leads to independence for colonists. • ECONOMIC FREEDOM • Capitalism evolves from classical liberalism.
DILEMMAS OF EQUALITY • Legal Equality vs. Political Equality • Equality of Opportunity vs. Equality of Result • Equality in Economics vs. Equality in Politics
Inequality of Income and Wealth • Conflict in society is often generated by inequality. 1960 • Poorest households receive 4.8% of the income • Wealthiest households receive 40.9% percent of income Today • Poorest households receive 3.6% of the income • Wealthiest households receive 46.9% percent of income
REASON ONE: Decline of manufacturing sector and rise of communications, information, and service sectors. REASON THREE: Global competition that rewards high-tech, high-productivity occupations. REASON TWO: Demographics: Rise in numbers of aged and larger proportions of female-headed families. REASONS FOR RECENT INCREASES IN INCOME INEQUALITY
IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT OF 1986Placed principal responsibility on employersSet fines for knowingly hiring an illegal alienGranted amnesty to illegal aliens who had lived in the U.S. since 1982Failed to reduce the flow of immigrants.
Antidemocratic Ideologies • Fascism • Supremacy of state or race over Individuals. • Marxism • Capitalism oppresses workers - favors emergence of classless society.
21st Century Directions • Income Equality • Social Mobility • Cultural Diversity • Liberalism and Conservatism