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NASA Joint Programs Update. Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Meeting NSF Headquarters October 15, 2009. Dr. Jon Morse Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters. NASA/DOE: Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope [JDEM, separate presentation].
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NASA Joint Programs Update Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Meeting NSF Headquarters October 15, 2009 Dr. Jon Morse Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters
NASA/DOE: Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope[JDEM, separate presentation] NASA/NSF OPP: Ballooning
NASA and NSF: Ballooning Update • New 5-year Memorandum of Agreement between NASA/SMD and NSF/OPP on Antarctic ballooning signed in May 2009 • Flight program update • New 2009 science result from Antarctic flight: BLAST (Balloon Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope) (PI=Mark Devlin)
NASA/NSF MoA on Antarctic Ballooning • MoA signed in May 2009, operative for five years. • Enables continuation of long-standing cooperation between the NSF/Office of Polar Programs and NASA/SMD for support of scientific ballooning in Antarctica. • Annual requirement for support of two large science missions launched from McMurdo, with possible third mission in some years. • NSF provides housing, transportation, meals, medical. • NSF maintains Long Duration Balloon launch site infrastructure. • NSF provides support for payload recovery. • NSF and NASA shall meet annually to review changes, lessons learned, and improvements toward Antarctic balloon operations. • NASA provides NSF with funds to defray campaign support costs.
FY 2010 Recommended Flight Program • 16 Missions / 20* Flights approved by SMD * BARREL mission (Antarctica) is comprised of 5 separate hand-launches • 2 Foreign & 2 Domestic Flight Campaigns • 16 Science flights (Plus 2 flights left over from FY 2009) 1 (+2) Ft. Sumner, NM (Fall 09) Airship Test 3 Antarctica (Winter 09) LDB/SP/MoO 5 Australia (Spring 10) Conventional/SP 2 Palestine (Summer 10) Conventional 5 Ft. Sumner, NM (Fall 10) Conventional • Antarctic campaign includes 14 MCF Super Pressure Balloon Test (goal of > 100 days) and planned recovery of BESS payload left on the Ice for two winters
FY10 Antarctic Balloon Flight Program • FY2010 Flight Program: 3 Antarctic flights (Winter 09): • 14 MCF super-pressure balloon test (> 100 days?) • CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass) -5 – precise measurements of elemental spectra for z = 1 to 26 in 1011 to 1015 eV region • BARREL – five hand-launched balloons (~0.25 MCF) – measures precipitating electrons from radiation belts (Heliophysics Division) • Antarctic campaign includes: • Planned recovery of BESS payload left on the ice for 2 years
2009 Super Pressure Balloon Test Flight • 54 days of flight • Balloon remained pressurized- no apparent gas loss. • It could have flown indefinitely. • Largest super pressure balloon ever successfully flown • Longest large NASA balloon flight ever
FY 2010 Flight Schedule STATUS AS OF: 09/15/09
BLAST Balloon Science Result (Sept. 2009; flew 2006): Resolving the Cosmic Submillimeter Background—individual, distant galaxies are the source
NASA and DOE: Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Update The one-year Fermi-LAT sky: Over 1000 new high-energy gamma-ray sources
Fermi accomplishments include • Detected the moon and the quiet Sun • Detected dozens of pulsars, many pulsing only in gamma-rays and several millisecond pulsars • Detected the globular cluster 47 Tucanae • Detected orbital variations in gamma-ray emission from several binary systems • Resolved the gamma-ray emission from the LMC and several SNR • Significant implications for understanding the origin of cosmic-rays • Resolved in gamma-rays the radio lobes of Cen A • Detected over 270 GRB including 12 above 100 MeV • Use relative arrival times of high and low energy gamma-ray photons to set stringent constraints on Lorentz invariance violation. • Detected new gamma-ray AGN population ((Narrow-Line Seyfert galaxies) • Data release on Aug 25 - all LAT and GBM data are now public within 72 hours. • First Fermi symposium Nov 2-5 in Washington, DC. Fermi charts courtesy of Julie McEnery
Gamma-ray bursts • 10 long and 2 short bursts detected by LAT at GeV energies • Both types of GRB show similar phenomenology at high energies • Swift XRT has detected X-ray afterglows from the 7 brightest LAT bursts resulting in the determination of the burst redshift/distance. Short GRB081024B Long GRB090323 (>200s), radio - GeV afterglow Long GRB080916C Intense, z=4.35, to 13 GeV Short GRB090510 Intense, z=0.9, to 31 GeV
Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Status • The LAT and GBM are both working well • First LAT GeV catalog (currently being validated/checked) contains over 1000 new gamma-ray sources! • New classes of gamma-ray sources (millisecond pulsars, gamma-ray binaries, globular clusters, starburst galaxies…) • field of gamma-ray astrophysics is rapidly expanding • GBM is detecting many kinds of MeV transients • >250 GRB/year, three SGRs (SGR 0501+4516, SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1E1547.0-5408), >10 TGFs and a solar flare. • Science returns in solar system studies, Galactic astrophysics, extragalactic astrophysics, cosmic-ray physics and fundamental physics. • The full data release was last month, software to assist with data analysis is also available. • http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc • Lots more science to come… (Gamma-ray pulsars, 0.1-1 TeV electrons, Testing Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity, etc.)
Upcoming One-Year Symposium • Fermi symposium • Washington DC, Nov 2-5 • http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/resources/newsletter/ • General news • Multiwavelength • Data/software • LAT data became public on Aug 25 • http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc
Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass (CREAM-IV)Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland • 19.5 days of flight • First instrument ever to exceed 100 days of exposure (119 Days) • Invited Highlight talk, 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland (Submitted for Publication)
Fermi Cycle-2 Program • 199 proposals received, 80 selected • 79 grants • 8 “Progress Reports”, all passed • 3 multi-year “Large Projects” selected • Down from 8 selections in Cycle-1 • $1.5M in m-yr obligations from Cycle-1 • Average grants: $174k (large) $78k (regular) • No pointed observations approved (2 requests) • NRAO: ~650 hours awarded • ~50% of proposed amount • NOAO: under-utilized resource • 3 requests, 1 award (24 hrs)
Limits on Lorentz Invariance Violation • Heuristic modification of the photon dispersion relation : • c2 P2 = E2 ( 1+ f(E/EQG ))EQG : effective LIV energy scale • For E<<EQG : c2 P2 = E2 ( 1+ (E/EQG )n + (E/EQG )n+1) • n=1 or 2 in current studies • is just a constant (can disappear in EQG) • : subluminal regime (high energy photons arrive later) • : superluminal regime (high energy photons arrive earlier) v=E/P ~ c ( 1+ (E/EQG )n) • Simple case : n=1, : • Consider a photon of energy E observed at t. • If it belongs to the GRB, at the very least it has been emitted after the trigger t0. • Thus the maximal time delay due to LIV is t-t0 : dt<t-t0 • With a distance estimate, this results in a “conservative” lower limit on EQG • Independent of intrinsic time lags in GRBs