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Distal Radial Fractures Keep your options open!. Mr G Shyamalan Consultant Hand Surgeon HEFT. Learning Objectives. Understanding the radiograph Classification Imaging and consent Approach Surgical case based discussion Classic volar plate Conclusion. Gilula’s Lines.
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Distal Radial FracturesKeep your options open! Mr G Shyamalan Consultant Hand Surgeon HEFT
Learning Objectives • Understanding the radiograph • Classification • Imaging and consent • Approach • Surgical case based discussion • Classic volar plate • Conclusion
Lunate and Scaphoid Facet and Volar side with Radial Styloid
Classification • Colles
Classification • Smiths and Bartons
Classification • Chauffeur’s and Lunate die punch
Classification • Frykman’s
Classification • Melone’s
Classification AO – Too complex Mayo – Extra/Intra-articular Reducible/Irreducible Fernandez – mechanism classification
Classification Fragment Specific – Robert Medoff (intra-articular fractures) . Radial styloid, dorsal wall, impacted articular fragments, dorsal ulna corner (die-punch), volar rim fragment (tear drop)
Columnar Classification • Daniel Rikli & PietroRegazzoni • Lateral – length and alignment • Intermediate – weight bearing and notch • Medial - rotation
Shyam’s Classification • Low energy Vs High Energy • Normal Vs Osteoporotic • Dominant Vs Non – Dominant • Occupation and Functional Demands • Soft tissues (skin, nerves, tendons) • Pre-morbid conditions including MTS • Patient choice! • Fracture patterns and mechanism • Ulna fracture or carpal injury • Timing of consult
Consent • Continued pain • Malunion • Infection • Stiffness • Chronic regional pain syndrome (500mg Vitamin C daily for 6 weeks) • Nerve/Vessel/Tendon Injury • Non-union • Instability carpus and ulna • Removal of metal work • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
What kit do you need? • Bring the kitchen sink! • Volar plates, dorsal straight plates, k-wires, Ex-fix, hand plating system
Approach • Volar Henry’s releasing brachioradialis • Dorsal • Combined
How to fix • Volar plate • Dorsal plate • Fragment specific • Percutaneous Wires • Bridge plating • Ex-fix • ? Arthroscopic assisted • Bone graft or bone graft substitute • Bit of everything • Plan for a two stage?!
Steps for volar plate • Have an assistant who knows what they are doing • Traction the fracture closed • Open and Reduce +/- K wire • Put plate on shaft and gliding hole screw and screen • Plate can be rotated and pushed up or down depending on xray • Fill ulna holes distally, check lateral and then put in radial ones and complete proximally
Tips • Don’t go bicortical distally • Check screw length on xray • Angle screws out of joint
Tips • Don’t be afraid to put a K-wire and a plate on the radial styloid • If in doubt do a carpal tunnel decompression • Always release brachioradialis • If problems with dorsal fragment reduction, put in screws distally first and reduce fragment onto shaft • Continuous traction or Ex-fix can help with fixation • Multi-fragmentary fractures, intra-articular fractures try bridge plating
Tips • Look at scapho-lunate interval on both wrists • Screen in radial and ulna deviation with sometimes compression • Look at ulna position, stress views and examine other side • Have no issues about implant removal • If in doubt do nothing and send to specialist